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Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of 8513 Participants According to TyG index in the NHANES 1999–2018

From: Association between insulin resistance and uncontrolled hypertension and arterial stiffness among US adults: a population-based study

Characteristics

No. (weighted, %)

Total

P-value

Quartiles of TyG index

Q1 (n = 2128) (6.76–8.37)

Q2 (n = 2128) (8.38–8.79)

Q3 (n = 2128) (8.80–9.21)

Q4 (n = 2129) (9.22–12.55)

TyG index

8.04 ± 0.01

8.59 ± 0.00

8.99 ± 0.00

9.70 ± 0.01

8.84 ± 0.01

 < 0.001

Age, years

55.02 ± 0.48

57.55 ± 0.49

58.15 ± 0.39

56.83 ± 0.38

56.91 ± 0.24

 < 0.001

Sex

     

 < 0.001

 Female

1097 (53.42)

1073 (51.06)

1100 (51.37)

953 (42.68)

4223

 

 Male

1031 (46.58)

1055 (48.94)

1028 (48.63)

1176 (57.32)

4290

 

Ethnicity

     

 < 0.001

 Non-Hispanic White

853 (65.11)

1046 (73.65)

1095 (75.28)

1095 (76.64)

4089

 

 Non-Hispanic Black

846 (22.00)

498 (11.15)

351 (8.47)

281 (6.57)

1976

 

 Mexican American

180 (4.00)

280 (5.27)

338 (5.47)

437 (6.50)

1235

 

 Other Race

132 (5.52)

160 (6.36)

152 (5.45)

136 (5.93)

580

 

 Other Hispanic

117 (3.37)

144 (3.57)

192 (5.33)

180 (4.35)

633

 

Education level

     

 < 0.001

 Less than high school

211 (5.48)

288 (6.97)

309 (7.31)

395 (8.92)

1203

 

 High school

836 (35.65)

858 (39.04)

857 (39.61)

901 (41.07)

3452

 

 More than high school

1081 (58.87)

982 (533.99)

962 (53.08)

833 (50.01)

3858

 

Alcohol consumption

     

0.03

 Never

316 (11.50)

319 (11.66)

340 (13.17)

348 (13.28)

1323

 

 Former

438 (17.10)

465 (17.70)

492 (19.92)

559 (22.48)

1954

 

 Mild

764 (38.50)

798 (40.67)

742 (39.12)

674 (36.57)

2978

 

 Moderate

304 (17.39)

256 (14.60)

230 (12.09)

214 (12.58)

1004

 

 Heavy

306 (15.50)

290 (15.37)

324 (15.69)

334 (15.09)

1254

 

Smoking status

     

 < 0.001

 Never

1135 (52.51)

1052 (49.37)

1089 (49.62)

945 (43.53)

4221

 

 Former

605 (28.22)

692 (33.47)

686 (32.58)

750 (35.71)

2733

 

 Current

388 (19.26)

384 (17.16)

353 (17.80)

434 (20.76)

1559

 

PIR

3.06 ± 0.06

3.04 ± 0.06

2.99 ± 0.06

2.99 ± 0.06

3.02 ± 0.04

0.72

MET, min/week

3454.14 ± 197.46

3126.10 ± 187.70

2478.83 ± 177.88

2833.40 ± 156.55

2978.21 ± 106.16

 < 0.001

BMI, kg/m2

28.59 ± 0.20

30.19 ± 0.18

31.50 ± 0.23

32.47 ± 0.20

30.71 ± 0.11

 < 0.001

SBP, mm/Hg

131.91 ± 0.50

132.76 ± 0.53

133.15 ± 0.62

134.24 ± 0.46

133.03 ± 0.30

0.003

DBP, mm/Hg

72.33 ± 0.45

73.19 ± 0.45

73.25 ± 0.41

74.37 ± 0.40

73.30 ± 0.25

0.003

Uncontrolled hypertension

933 (38.75)

968 (40.45)

986 (41.85)

1003 (43.10)

3890

 < 0.001

Blood glucose

98.53 ± 0.38

103.98 ± 0.45

111.49 ± 0.71

138.65 ± 1.74

113.33 ± 0.59

 < 0.001

Insulin, uu/mL

10.33 ± 0.44

12.79 ± 0.25

16.05 ± 0.36

22.14 ± 0.61

15.38 ± 0.25

 < 0.001

HbA1c, %

5.48 ± 0.01

5.61 ± 0.01

5.80 ± 0.03

6.44 ± 0.05

5.83 ± 0.02

 < 0.001

Triglyceride, mg/dL

65.77 ± 0.54

105.90 ± 0.48

149.39 ± 0.85

275.37 ± 4.54

150.04 ± 1.84

 < 0.001

Cholesterol, mg/dL

183.98 ± 1.15

196.55 ± 1.16

201.36 ± 1.14

210.93 ± 1.53

210.93 ± 1.53

 < 0.001

HOMA-IR

2.58 ± 0.11

3.35 ± 0.07

4.53 ± 0.14

8.03 ± 0.28

4.65 ± 0.09

 < 0.001

HOMA-IS

0.71 ± 0.02

0.49 ± 0.01

0.38 ± 0.01

0.26 ± 0.01

0.45 ± 0.01

 < 0.001

ePWV (m/s)

9.20 ± 0.06

9.54 ± 0.07

9.56 ± 0.06

9.43 ± 0.05

9.47 ± 0.03

 < 0.001

Anti-hypertensive agents

     

 < 0.001

 No

1708 (82.03)

1652 (77.63)

1595 (75.43)

1585 (74.85)

6540

 

 Yes

420 (17.97)

476 (22.37)

533 (24.57)

544 (25.15)

1973

 

Anti-diabetic agents

     

 < 0.001

 No

1946 (93.82)

1873 (91.43)

1730 (85.04)

1375 (70.04)

6924

 

 Yes

182 (6.18)

255 (8.57)

398 (14.96)

754 (29.96)

1589

 

Anti-hyperlipidemia agents

     

 < 0.001

 No

1572 (75.00)

1484 (69.85)

1399 (65.92)

1323 (61.96)

5778

 

 Yes

556 (25.00)

644 (30.15)

729 (34.08)

806 (38.04)

2735

 

Diabetes

     

 < 0.001

 No

1805 (88.60)

1669 (83.12)

1434 (72.64)

927 (52.59)

5835

 

 Yes

323 (11.40)

459 (16.88)

694 (27.36)

1202 (47.41)

2678

 

Hyperlipidemia

     

 < 0.001

 No

797 (38.39)

444 (20.01)

182 (8.05)

40 (1.26)

1463

 

 Yes

1331 (61.61)

1684 (79.99)

1946 (91.95)

2089 (98.74)

7050

 

CVD

     

 < 0.001

 No

1761 (85.34)

1726 (83.83)

1693 (82.67)

1618 (78.38)

6798

 

 Yes

367 (14.66)

402 (16.17)

435 (17.33)

511 (21.62)

1715

 

CKD

     

 < 0.001

 No

1577 (79.48)

1546 (77.48)

1473 (74.97)

1302 (69.19)

5898

 

 Yes

551 (20.52)

582 (22.52)

655 (25.03)

827 (30.81)

2615

 

All-cause mortality

     

 < 0.001

 Alive

1679 (83.23)

1554 (78.96)

1552 (78.71)

1488 (76.27)

6273

 

 Death

449 (16.77)

574 (21.04)

576 (21.29)

641 (23.73)

2240

 

CVD mortality

     

0.01

 Alive

1985 (94.91)

1929 (92.79)

1924 (93.08)

1905 (91.82)

7743

 

 Death

143 (5.09)

199 (7.21)

204 (6.92)

224 (8.18)

770

 
  1. All values were presented as mean ± SE, or counts (weighted, proportion)
  2. TyG index, triglyceride-glucose index; NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; Q, quartiles; BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent; PIR, family income to poverty ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobin type A1C; ePWV, estimated pulse wave velocity; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840