From: Association of cardio-renal biomarkers and mortality in the U.S.: a prospective cohort study
All-cause mortality | CVD mortality | Diabetes mortality | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | |
Variable | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) |
hs-cTnT, ng/L | |||||||||
< 6.11 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
6.11-< 9.92 | 2.40 (1.88–3.07) | 1.43 (1.10–1.86) | 1.33 (1.00-1.76) | 2.65 (1.56–4.50) | 1.57 (0.91–2.73) | 1.42 (0.79–2.58) | 2.05 (0.98–4.32) | 1.78 (0.82–3.88) | 1.74 (0.76–3.97) |
9.92-< 16.67 | 4.77 (3.77–6.03) | 2.20 (1.69–2.86) | 2.00 (1.50–2.65) | 6.13 (3.74–10.06) | 2.65 (1.54–4.56) | 2.26 (1.26–4.03) | 4.71 (2.37–9.35) | 3.95 (1.85–8.44) | 3.11 (1.35–7.14) |
≥ 16.67 | 9.44 (7.50-11.88) | 3.68 (2.80–4.84) | 3.40 (2.52–4.60) | 16.44 (10.21–26.48) | 6.24 (3.61–10.81) | 5.59 (3.08–10.15) | 11.28 (5.82–21.86) | 8.70 (4.00-18.91) | 7.32 (3.09–17.35) |
P trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
ln(hs-cTnT), ng/L | 2.29 (2.14–2.45) | 1.86 (1.69–2.04) | 1.81 (1.62–2.03) | 2.55 (2.27–2.87) | 2.17 (1.85–2.56) | 2.07 (1.69–2.54) | 2.48 (2.06–2.99) | 2.33 (1.84–2.94) | 2.31 (1.71–3.12) |
hs-cTnI, ng/L | |||||||||
< 1.80 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1.80-< 3.10 | 2.06 (1.64–2.58) | 1.25 (0.99–1.58) | 1.15 (0.90–1.48) | 2.87 (1.72–4.77) | 1.69 (1.01–2.84) | 1.42 (0.83–2.43) | 2.58 (1.37–4.88) | 1.88 (0.98–3.62) | 1.94 (0.94–3.99) |
3.10-< 6.10 | 3.59 (2.90–4.46) | 1.76 (1.39–2.23) | 1.62 (1.25–2.10) | 5.75 (3.55–9.32) | 2.60 (1.56–4.34) | 2.07 (1.20–3.55) | 3.59 (1.91–6.75) | 2.33 (1.19–4.55) | 2.20 (1.02–4.76) |
≥ 6.10 | 5.81 (4.70–7.18) | 2.41 (1.89–3.06) | 1.96 (1.50–2.56) | 12.06 (7.57–19.22) | 4.57 (2.74–7.61) | 2.81 (1.63–4.86) | 5.34 (2.86–9.97) | 2.97 (1.48–5.96) | 2.53 (1.14–5.61) |
P trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.036 |
ln(hs-cTnI), ng/L | 1.74 (1.65–1.84) | 1.41 (1.31–1.52) | 1.34 (1.23–1.46) | 1.99 (1.82–2.19) | 1.67 (1.48–1.89) | 1.52 (1.30–1.77) | 1.73 (1.47–2.03) | 1.47 (1.20–1.80) | 1.35 (1.06–1.72) |
NT-proBNP, pg/ml | |||||||||
< 35.77 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
35.77-< 82.82 | 1.75 (1.38–2.21) | 1.28 (1.00-1.63) | 1.20 (0.93–1.57) | 2.24 (1.37–3.66) | 1.71 (1.03–2.82) | 1.54 (0.90–2.63) | 1.72 (0.85–3.45) | 1.33 (0.65–2.73) | 1.23 (0.55–2.73) |
82.82-< 232.60 | 3.44 (2.76–4.27) | 1.88 (1.48–2.40) | 1.73 (1.34–2.25) | 3.96 (2.48–6.32) | 2.37 (1.43–3.93) | 2.15 (1.27–3.66) | 3.85 (2.03–7.29) | 2.38 (1.19–4.77) | 2.39 (1.11–5.12) |
≥ 232.60 | 7.18 (5.80–8.88) | 2.98 (2.33–3.82) | 2.46 (1.87–3.23) | 12.87 (8.29–19.98) | 5.89 (3.59–9.66) | 3.93 (2.29–6.75) | 7.96 (4.26–14.88) | 4.09 (2.01–8.32) | 3.67 (1.64–8.22) |
P trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
ln(NT-proBNP), pg/ml | 1.62 (1.56–1.69) | 1.37 (1.30–1.44) | 1.31 (1.23–1.39) | 1.79 (1.67–1.91) | 1.57 (1.43–1.71) | 1.42 (1.28–1.59) | 1.63 (1.45–1.83) | 1.41 (1.22–1.63) | 1.36 (1.15–1.63) |
Creatinine, umol/L | |||||||||
< 66.72 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
66.72-< 79.56 | 1.35 (1.11–1.63) | 0.97 (0.79–1.19) | 0.99 (0.79–1.24) | 1.59 (1.11–2.28) | 0.96 (0.65–1.42) | 1.01 (0.66–1.54) | 1.74 (0.96–3.15) | 1.83 (0.98–3.43) | 1.87 (0.94–3.74) |
79.56-< 97.24 | 1.90 (1.59–2.28) | 1.14 (0.93–1.41) | 1.18 (0.92–1.51) | 2.29 (1.63–3.23) | 1.06 (0.71–1.57) | 1.03 (0.65–1.63) | 2.54 (1.44–4.46) | 2.79 (1.49–5.24) | 3.00 (1.41–6.40) |
≥ 97.24 | 3.45 (2.89–4.12) | 1.55 (1.25–1.94) | 1.47 (1.04–2.09) | 3.69 (2.62–5.21) | 1.31 (0.86-2.00) | 1.05 (0.55–2.03) | 5.27 (3.06–9.08) | 4.59 (2.40–8.77) | 5.16 (1.87–14.22) |
P trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.038 | < 0.001 | 0.132 | 0.870 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
ln(Creatinine), umol/L | 2.76 (2.45–3.10) | 1.95 (1.65–2.30) | 1.76 (1.38–2.24) | 2.83 (2.29–3.50) | 1.90 (1.37–2.62) | 1.49 (0.92–2.41) | 3.59 (2.69–4.80) | 3.40 (2.41–4.80) | 3.43 (2.04–5.79) |
Cystatin C, mg/L | |||||||||
< 0.72 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
0.72-< 0.85 | 2.33 (1.84–2.97) | 1.62 (1.26–2.08) | 1.68 (1.28–2.21) | 2.23 (1.42–3.48) | 1.43 (0.90–2.28) | 1.56 (0.94–2.59) | 2.32 (1.13–4.79) | 2.20 (1.02–4.71) | 1.90 (0.83–4.36) |
0.85-< 1.05 | 3.65 (2.90–4.59) | 1.81 (1.41–2.33) | 1.92 (1.46–2.53) | 3.48 (2.26–5.34) | 1.47 (0.92–2.36) | 1.68 (1.00-2.81) | 3.22 (1.59–6.53) | 2.55 (1.17–5.55) | 2.61 (1.13-6.00) |
≥ 1.05 | 8.45 (6.75–10.58) | 3.36 (2.59–4.36) | 3.54 (2.59–4.84) | 9.02 (5.96–13.64) | 3.25 (2.01–5.25) | 3.26 (1.83–5.82) | 11.82 (6.13–22.79) | 8.15 (3.80-17.51) | 10.06 (4.20-24.13) |
P trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
ln(Cystatin C), mg/L | 4.04 (3.59–4.55) | 2.66 (2.26–3.14) | 2.64 (2.11–3.31) | 4.24 (3.43–5.25) | 2.99 (2.22–4.02) | 2.67 (1.74–4.08) | 4.97 (3.65–6.77) | 3.98 (2.72–5.82) | 4.03 (2.33–6.97) |
β-2 microglobulin, mg/L | |||||||||
< 1.86 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1.86-< 2.23 | 2.09 (1.65–2.65) | 1.36 (1.06–1.74) | 1.45 (1.10–1.90) | 1.85 (1.19–2.86) | 1.17 (0.74–1.86) | 1.41 (0.85–2.35) | 2.94 (1.35–6.38) | 2.73 (1.20–6.23) | 2.53 (1.03–6.21) |
2.23-< 2.92 | 3.69 (2.95–4.61) | 1.97 (1.55–2.51) | 2.13 (1.63–2.77) | 3.39 (2.25–5.09) | 1.72 (1.10–2.68) | 2.20 (1.35–3.59) | 4.65 (2.20–9.84) | 3.90 (1.72–8.87) | 3.98 (1.64–9.64) |
≥ 2.92 | 7.75 (6.23–9.64) | 3.18 (2.48–4.07) | 3.63 (2.69–4.89) | 7.65 (5.16–11.36) | 3.09 (1.97–4.86) | 3.42 (1.97–5.93) | 14.01 (6.86–28.61) | 9.68 (4.27–21.92) | 12.84 (5.04–32.70) |
P trend | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
ln(β-2 microglobulin), mg/L | 3.37 (3.04–3.73) | 2.40 (2.09–2.75) | 2.43 (2.01–2.94) | 3.33 (2.76–4.03) | 2.51 (1.94–3.23) | 2.14 (1.48–3.10) | 4.12 (3.18–5.36) | 3.33 (2.41–4.62) | 3.60 (2.26–5.72) |
Plasma glucose, mg/dL | |||||||||
< 124.70 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
124.70-< 144.30 | 0.93 (0.72–1.21) | 0.94 (0.72–1.23) | 0.99 (0.73–1.35) | 0.98 (0.59–1.64) | 1.01 (0.60–1.73) | 1.33 (0.73–2.46) | 0.67 (0.27–1.66) | 0.65 (0.25–1.70) | 0.63 (0.19–2.06) |
144.30-< 188.00 | 1.13 (0.88–1.46) | 1.15 (0.88–1.49) | 1.18 (0.88–1.57) | 1.57 (0.98–2.52) | 1.60 (0.98–2.62) | 1.93 (1.12–3.33) | 1.64 (0.77–3.47) | 1.93 (0.89–4.22) | 1.66 (0.64–4.29) |
≥ 188.00 | 1.24 (0.97–1.59) | 1.56 (1.20–2.02) | 1.67 (1.25–2.25) | 1.86 (1.17–2.95) | 2.45 (1.51–3.98) | 3.33 (1.91–5.81) | 1.63 (0.76–3.47) | 2.12 (0.96–4.67) | 2.54 (0.99–6.53) |
P trend | 0.033 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.056 | 0.009 | 0.011 |
ln(Plasma glucose), mmol/L | 1.15 (0.91–1.46) | 1.58 (1.21–2.05) | 1.55 (1.15–2.08) | 1.73 (1.15–2.60) | 2.55 (1.61–4.05) | 3.01 (1.80–5.03) | 1.91 (0.97–3.75) | 2.88 (1.37–6.07) | 4.51 (1.84–11.08) |
HbA1c, % | |||||||||
< 6.20 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
6.20-< 7.00 | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) | 0.89 (0.75–1.06) | 0.93 (0.76–1.12) | 1.10 (0.81–1.50) | 1.11 (0.80–1.54) | 1.09 (0.76–1.57) | 1.29 (0.73–2.29) | 1.22 (0.67–2.21) | 1.41 (0.72–2.78) |
7.00-< 8.20 | 0.93 (0.78–1.11) | 1.08 (0.90–1.30) | 1.05 (0.86–1.28) | 1.02 (0.74–1.41) | 1.29 (0.91–1.81) | 1.21 (0.83–1.77) | 1.94 (1.12–3.34) | 2.19 (1.25–3.85) | 2.29 (1.19–4.40) |
≥ 8.20 | 0.83 (0.69–0.99) | 1.28 (1.06–1.55) | 1.35 (1.10–1.67) | 0.93 (0.67–1.29) | 1.51 (1.05–2.16) | 1.47 (0.98–2.20) | 1.89 (1.10–3.24) | 2.90 (1.65–5.12) | 3.19 (1.65–6.19) |
P trend | 0.047 | 0.003 | 0.004 | 0.557 | 0.017 | 0.056 | 0.007 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
ln(HbA1c), % | 0.73 (0.56–0.97) | 1.79 (1.31–2.44) | 1.97 (1.39–2.79) | 0.93 (0.56–1.53) | 2.52 (1.43–4.44) | 2.49 (1.31–4.73) | 2.55 (1.25–5.19) | 6.55 (2.99–14.38) | 8.50 (3.43–21.06) |
Glycated albumin, % | |||||||||
< 15.09 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
15.09-< 17.54 | 1.27 (1.05–1.53) | 0.94 (0.77–1.14) | 0.91 (0.73–1.13) | 1.41 (1.00-1.99) | 0.97 (0.68–1.39) | 0.95 (0.64–1.39) | 3.78 (1.63–8.74) | 3.56 (1.45–8.72) | 2.78 (1.11–6.99) |
17.54-< 22.10 | 1.34 (1.11–1.61) | 1.13 (0.93–1.38) | 1.06 (0.85–1.31) | 1.29 (0.91–1.84) | 1.03 (0.71–1.49) | 0.85 (0.57–1.28) | 5.98 (2.67–13.40) | 6.44 (2.70-15.37) | 4.97 (2.05–12.04) |
≥ 22.10 | 1.28 (1.06–1.55) | 1.41 (1.15–1.73) | 1.43 (1.15–1.79) | 1.38 (0.97–1.95) | 1.50 (1.03–2.19) | 1.44 (0.96–2.16) | 6.67 (3.00-14.86) | 8.76 (3.67–20.94) | 6.36 (2.62–15.47) |
P trend | 0.008 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.130 | 0.038 | 0.173 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
ln(Glycated albumin), % | 0.73 (0.56–0.97) | 1.79 (1.31–2.44) | 1.97 (1.39–2.79) | 0.93 (0.56–1.53) | 2.52 (1.43–4.44) | 2.49 (1.31–4.73) | 2.55 (1.25–5.19) | 6.55 (2.99–14.38) | 8.50 (3.43–21.06) |