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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population according to DM

From: Implication of diabetic status on platelet reactivity and clinical outcomes after drug-eluting stent implantation: results from the PTRG-DES consortium

 

Non-DM (N = 7,657)

DM (N = 4,057)

P value

Index presentation, n (%)

  

< 0.001

 Stable angina

3,071 (40.1)

1,839 (45.3)

 

 Unstable angina

2,257 (29.5)

1,209 (29.8)

 

 Non-ST-segment elevation MI

1,252 (16.4)

608 (15.0)

 

 ST-segment elevation MI

1,077 (14.1)

401 (9.9)

 

Age, years

63.8 ± 11.3

65.5 ± 10.0

< 0.001

Male, n (%)

5,036 (69.3)

2,645 (65.2)

< 0.001

Body mass index, kg/m2

24.4 ± 3.09

24.8 ± 3.14

< 0.001

Risk factors, n (%)*

   

 Hypertension

4172 (54.5%)

2877 (70.9%)

< 0.001

 Dyslipidemia

4880 (63.7%)

2675 (65.9%)

0.019

 Smoking

2241 (29.3%)

1044 (25.7%)

< 0.001

 Chronic kidney disease

1292 (16.9%)

1140 (28.1%)

< 0.001

 Current dialysis

61 (0.8%)

101 (2.5%)

< 0.001

 Anemia

1618 (21.1%)

1303 (32.1%)

< 0.001

Previous history, n (%)

   

 History of peripheral artery disease

886 (11.6%)

567 (14.0%)

< 0.001

 History of congestive heart failure

555 (7.2%)

325 (8.0%)

0.146

 Previous MI

504 (6.6%)

335 (8.3%)

0.001

 Previous PCI

906 (11.8%)

662 (16.3%)

< 0.001

 Previous CABG

71 (0.9%)

79 (1.9%)

< 0.001

 Previous stroke

467 (6.1%)

346 (8.5%)

< 0.001

Laboratory measurements

   

 VerifyNow PRU

213.6 ± 79.1

225.7 ± 77.5

< 0.001

 LV ejection fraction, %

59.1 ± 10.2

58.1 ± 11.3

< 0.001

 WBC, x103/mm3

7.8 ± 3.0

7.9 ± 2.8

0.378

 Hemoglobin, g/dL

13.8 ± 1.8

13.2 ± 2.0

< 0.001

 Platelet, x103/mm3

233.9 ± 70.6

233.2 ± 75.7

0.657

 GFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 (MDRD)

80.9 ± 25.2

74.5 ± 29.8

< 0.001

 HbA1c, %

6.0 ± 0.9

7.5 ± 1.6

< 0.001

 Total cholesterol, mg/dL

178.9 ± 43.9

165.9 ± 43.4

< 0.001

 LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

110.1 ± 38.1

98.9 ± 36.2

< 0.001

 HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL

44.6 ± 12.0

42.4 ± 11.2

< 0.001

 Triglyceride, mg/dL

140.8 ± 99.7

147.7 ± 95.4

< 0.001

Angiographic feature

   

 ACC/AHA lesion, n (%)

  

0.001

 A/B1 type

3509 (45.8%)

1729 (42.6%)

 

 B2/C type

4148 (54.2%)

2328 (57.4%)

 

Number of diseased vessels, n (%)

  

<0.001

 One

4840 (63.2%)

2330 (57.4%)

 

 Two

1926 (25.2%)

1113 (27.4%)

 

 Three

891 (11.6%)

614 (15.1%)

 

Multivessel disease, n (%)

2817 (36.8%)

1727 (42.6%)

< 0.001

Bifurcation lesion, n (%)

844 (11.0%)

519 (12.8%)

0.005

Chronic total occlusion lesion, n (%)

496 (6.5%)

325 (8.0%)

0.002

Procedural data

   

Multivessel PCI, n (%)

1780 (23.2%)

1137 (28.0%)

< 0.001

Treated lesions, n (%)

   

 Left main coronary artery

391 (5.1%)

181 (4.5%)

0.135

 Left anterior descending artery

4532 (59.2%)

2428 (59.8%)

0.502

 Left circumflex artery

2170 (28.3%)

1264 (31.2%)

0.002

 Right coronary artery

2829 (36.9%)

1631 (40.2%)

0.001

PCI for left main or left anterior descending artery, n (%)

4790 (62.6%)

2537 (62.5%)

0.996

Stent type, n (%) †

  

0.912

 1st generation DES

615 (8.0%)

329 (8.1%)

 

 2nd generation DES

7042 (92.0%)

3728 (91.9%)

 

Number of stents, n

1.6 ± 0.8

1.6 ± 0.8

< 0.001

Stent length, mm

34.9 ± 22.1

37.6 ± 23.2

< 0.001

Stent diameter, mm

3.0 ± 0.4

3.0 ± 0.4

< 0.001

Concomitant medications, n (%)

   

 Aspirin

7478 (97.7%)

3931 (96.9%)

0.015

 Clopidogrel

7657 (100.0%)

4057 (100.0%)

1.000

 Cilostazol

762 (10.0%)

457 (11.3%)

0.029

 Beta blocker

4436 (57.9%)

2233 (55.0%)

0.003

 Angiotensin blockade

4393 (57.4%)

2534 (62.5%)

< 0.001

 Calcium channel blocker

1761 (23.0%)

1056 (26.0%)

< 0.001

 Statin

6832 (89.2%)

3547 (87.4%)

0.004

 Proton pump inhibitor

1347 (17.6%)

644 (15.9%)

0.020

  1. Continuous variables were expressed in mean ± SD or median (IQR) as indicated
  2. ACC: American College of Cardiology; AHA: American Heart Association; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; DES: drug eluting stent; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL: high density lipoprotein; LDL: low density lipoprotein; LV: left ventricular; MDRD: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; MI: myocardial infarction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; PRU: P2Y12 Reaction Unit; WBC: white blood cell
  3. *Hypertension was diagnosed by one of the followings: (1) history of hypertension diagnosed and treated with medication, diet and/or exercise; (2) blood pressure greater than 140 mmHg systolic or 90 mmHg diastolic on at least 2 occasions; or (3) currently on antihypertensive pharmacologic therapy.; Dyslipidemia was diagnosed by one of followings: (1) total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dl; (2) LDL cholesterol ≥ 130 mg/dl; (3) HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dl; or (4) triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl; Current smoker was defined as use of tobacco within one year of this admission; Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed by one of the followings: (1) a history of diabetes, regardless of duration of disease, or need for antidiabetic agents; (2) a fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl; or (3) glycosylated hemoglobin ≥ 6.5; Chronic kidney disease was diagnosed by one of the followings: (1) GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 (MDRD); (2) on dialysis; or (3) history of a renal transplantation; Anemia was defined as hemoglobin level < 12 g/dl in women and 13 g/dl in men
  4. †First-generation DES indicated durable polymer-based paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES: Taxus, Pico) or sirolimus-eluting stent (SES: Cypher); Second-generation DES indicated next-generation DESs including everolimus-eluting stent (EES: Promus, Xience), zotarolimus-eluting stent (ZES: Endeavor, Resolute, Onyx), biolimus-eluting stent (BES: Biolimus A9), and plymer-free SES.; If a patient were treated with first- and second-generation DESs together, this patient was considered as implantation with first generation DES.
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840