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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the AKI and Non-AKI groups

From: Association between the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and the risk of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with heart failure: analysis of the MIMIC-IV database

Variables

Overall

non-AKI

AKI

p value

Number of patients

1393

239

1154

 

Male,n(%)

822 (59.0)

123 (51.5)

699 (60.6)

0.011

Age,years,(median [IQR])

71.00 [60.00, 81.00]

71.00 [59.00, 82.00]

71.00 [60.00, 81.00]

0.417

Race,n(%)

   

0.1

White

915 (65.7)

156 (65.3)

759 (65.8)

 

Black

97 (7.0)

20 (8.4)

77 (6.7)

 

Asian

32 (2.3)

10 (4.2)

22 (1.9)

 

Others

349 (25.1)

53 (22.2)

296 (25.6)

 

BMI,kg/m2,n(%)

   

0.037

 <30

415 (29.8)

87 (36.4)

328 (28.4)

 

 >=30

244 (17.5)

34 (14.2)

210 (18.2)

 

 Missing

734 (52.7)

118 (49.4)

616 (53.4)

 

ASPIII (median [IQR])

43.00 [32.00, 55.00]

34.00 [26.00, 45.00]

45.00 [34.00, 58.00]

< 0.001

SAPIII (median [IQR])

36.00 [29.00, 45.00]

31.00 [24.50, 37.00]

37.00 [30.00, 46.00]

< 0.001

SIRS score (median [IQR])

3.00 [2.00, 3.00]

2.00 [2.00, 3.00]

3.00 [2.00, 3.00]

0.02

SOFA score (median [IQR])

4.00 [2.00, 7.00]

3.00 [1.00, 4.50]

5.00 [3.00, 8.00]

< 0.001

Vital Signs

    

HR (median [IQR])

87.00 [75.00, 101.00]

86.00 [74.50, 101.50]

87.00 [76.00, 101.00]

0.403

SBP,mmhg,n(%)

   

0.714

 < 90

13 (0.9)

1 (0.4)

12 (1.0)

 

 >140

158 (11.3)

30 (12.6)

128 (11.1)

 

 90–140

496 (35.6)

87 (36.4)

409 (35.4)

 

 Missing

726 (52.1)

121 (50.6)

605 (52.4)

 

DBP,mmhg,n(%)

   

0.768

 < 60

94 (6.7)

14 (5.9)

80 (6.9)

 

 > 90

53 (3.8)

11 (4.6)

42 (3.6)

 

 60–90

520 (37.3)

93 (38.9)

427 (37.0)

 

 Missing

726 (52.1)

121 (50.6)

605 (52.4)

 

Laboratory tests

    

Lymphocyte,%,n(%)

   

< 0.001

 <7

281 (20.2)

32 (13.4)

249 (21.6)

 

 > 18.8

202 (14.5)

40 (16.7)

162 (14.0)

 

 11.50–18.80

253 (18.2)

42 (17.6)

211 (18.3)

 

 7–11.50

274 (19.7)

28 (11.7)

246 (21.3)

 

 Missing

383 (27.5)

97 (40.6)

286 (24.8)

 

Neutrophils,%,n(%)

   

< 0.001

 <69.8

211 (15.1)

41 (17.2)

170 (14.7)

 

 > 85.9

277 (19.9)

35 (14.6)

242 (21.0)

 

 69.8–79.60

251 (18.0)

33 (13.8)

218 (18.9)

 

 79.60–85.90

271 (19.5)

33 (13.8)

238 (20.6)

 

 Missing

383 (27.5)

97 (40.6)

286 (24.8)

 

Platelets,(K/uL),(median [IQR])

209.00 [161.00, 268.00]

215.00 [167.00, 272.25]

208.00 [160.00, 268.00]

0.237

WBC (median [IQR])

10.30 [7.60, 13.80]

10.10 [7.30, 12.88]

10.40 [7.70, 14.00]

0.052

RBC,m/uL,(median [IQR])

3.92 [3.41, 4.43]

3.93 [3.40, 4.42]

3.91 [3.41, 4.43]

0.939

Hemoglobin,g/dL,(median [IQR])

11.70 [10.10, 13.20]

11.90 [10.20, 13.20]

11.60 [10.10, 13.30]

0.352

PCO2,mmhg,(median [IQR])

41.00 [35.00, 48.00]

41.00 [35.00, 48.00]

40.00 [35.00, 48.00]

0.721

PH (median [IQR])

7.39 [7.33, 7.44]

7.39 [7.34, 7.42]

7.39 [7.33, 7.44]

0.996

PO2,mmhg,(median [IQR])

41.00 [35.00, 48.00]

41.00 [35.00, 48.00]

40.00 [35.00, 48.00]

0.721

Albumin,g/dL(median [IQR])

3.30 [2.80, 3.70]

3.50 [3.10, 3.82]

3.30 [2.80, 3.70]

< 0.001

BUN,mg/dL(median [IQR])

22.00 [16.00, 35.00]

20.00 [15.00, 30.50]

22.00 [16.25, 36.00]

< 0.001

SCR, mg/dL,(median [IQR])

1.10 [0.80, 1.50]

1.00 [0.80, 1.30]

1.10 [0.80, 1.60]

< 0.001

UCR,mg/dL,n(%)

   

< 0.001

 < 48

134 (9.6)

16 (6.7)

118 (10.2)

 

 > 122

135 (9.7)

11 (4.6)

124 (10.7)

 

 48–78

127 (9.1)

16 (6.7)

111 (9.6)

 

 78–122

132 (9.5)

9 (3.8)

123 (10.7)

 

 Missing

865 (62.1)

187 (78.2)

678 (58.8)

 

HDL,mg/dL,n(%)

   

< 0.001

 < 33

248 (17.8)

31 (13.0)

217 (18.8)

 

 > 53

238 (17.1)

63 (26.4)

175 (15.2)

 

 33–42

272 (19.5)

57 (23.8)

215 (18.6)

 

 42–53

258 (18.5)

51 (21.3)

207 (17.9)

 

 Missing

377 (27.1)

37 (15.5)

340 (29.5)

 

LDL,mg/dL,n(%)

   

< 0.001

 < 55

249 (17.9)

32 (13.4)

217 (18.8)

 

 > 103

245 (17.6)

54 (22.6)

191 (16.6)

 

 55–76

255 (18.3)

56 (23.4)

199 (17.2)

 

 76–103

250 (17.9)

58 (24.3)

192 (16.6)

 

 Missing

394 (28.3)

39 (16.3)

355 (30.8)

 

TG,mg/dL,(median [IQR])

113.00 [84.00, 164.00]

105.00 [80.50, 155.50]

114.00 [84.25, 166.00]

0.046

TC,mg/dL,n(%)

   

< 0.001

 <116

257 (18.4)

30 (12.6)

227 (19.7)

 

 >174

259 (18.6)

59 (24.7)

200 (17.3)

 

 116–145

275 (19.7)

62 (25.9)

213 (18.5)

 

 145–174

253 (18.2)

55 (23.0)

198 (17.2)

 

 Missing

349 (25.1)

33 (13.8)

316 (27.4)

 

Glucose,mg/dL,(median [IQR])

129.00 [106.00, 172.00]

126.00 [103.00, 164.00]

130.00 [107.00, 173.00]

0.117

HbA1c%,n(%)

   

0.105

 < 5.7

275 (19.7)

57 (23.8)

218 (18.9)

 

 > 6.4

261 (18.7)

46 (19.2)

215 (18.6)

 

 5.7–6.4

287 (20.6)

54 (22.6)

233 (20.2)

 

 Missing

570 (40.9)

82 (34.3)

488 (42.3)

 

TNTµg/L,n(%)

   

0.286

 <0.06

202 (14.5)

33 (13.8)

169 (14.6)

 

 >0.975

203 (14.6)

32 (13.4)

171 (14.8)

 

 0.06–0.25

208 (14.9)

27 (11.3)

181 (15.7)

 

 0.25–0.975

198 (14.2)

34 (14.2)

164 (14.2)

 

 Missing

582 (41.8)

113 (47.3)

469 (40.6)

 

CKMB(IU/L),n(%)

   

< 0.001

 < 3

180 (12.9)

33 (13.8)

147 (12.7)

 

 > 18

280 (20.1)

24 (10.0)

256 (22.2)

 

 3–6

2 (0.1)

0 (0.0)

2 (0.2)

 

 6–18

13 (0.9)

1 (0.4)

12 (1.0)

 

 Missing

918 (65.9)

181 (75.7)

737 (63.9)

 

NT-proBNP,pg/mL,n(%)

   

0.401

 <1632

78 (5.6)

17 (7.1)

61 (5.3)

 

 >10521

78 (5.6)

8 (3.3)

70 (6.1)

 

 1632–3955

78 (5.6)

15 (6.3)

63 (5.5)

 

 3955–10,521

77 (5.5)

13 (5.4)

64 (5.5)

 

 Missing

1082 (77.7)

186 (77.8)

896 (77.6)

 

CRP(mg/L),n(%)

   

0.241

 < 13.95

41 (2.9)

8 (3.3)

33 (2.9)

 

 >134.4

41 (2.9)

5 (2.1)

36 (3.1)

 

 13.95–57.90

41 (2.9)

6 (2.5)

35 (3.0)

 

 57.90–134.4

40 (2.9)

2 (0.8)

38 (3.3)

 

 Missing

1230 (88.3)

218 (91.2)

1012 (87.7)

 

Potassium,mmol/L,(median [IQR])

4.10 [3.80, 4.50]

4.00 [3.70, 4.40]

4.20 [3.80, 4.60]

0.016

Sodium,mmol/L,(median [IQR])

139.00 [136.00, 141.00]

139.00 [136.00, 141.00]

139.00 [136.00, 142.00]

0.69

TyG index,(median [IQR])

4.82 [4.61, 5.07]

4.78 [4.57, 5.01]

4.83 [4.63, 5.08]

0.016

Comorbidities,n (%)

    

AF,n(%)

613 (44.0)

82 (34.3)

531 (46.0)

0.001

AMI,n(%)

485 (34.8)

80 (33.5)

405 (35.1)

0.686

CKD,n(%)

383 (27.5)

43 (18.0)

340 (29.5)

< 0.001

COPD,n(%)

164 (11.8)

26 (10.9)

138 (12.0)

0.718

Dyslipidemia,n(%)

658 (47.2)

117 (49.0)

541 (46.9)

0.608

Diabetes,n(%)

524 (37.6)

77 (32.2)

447 (38.7)

0.069

Hypertension,n(%)

494 (35.5)

103 (43.1)

391 (33.9)

0.008

PCI,n(%)

189 (13.6)

41 (17.2)

148 (12.8)

0.094

CABG,n(%)

69 (5.0)

10 (4.2)

59 (5.1)

0.661

Medications

    

ARNI,n(%)

11 (0.8)

1 (0.4)

10 (0.9)

0.756

ACEI,n(%)

634 (45.5)

120 (50.2)

514 (44.5)

0.126

ARB,n(%)

135 (9.7)

28 (11.7)

107 (9.3)

0.297

Beta blocker,n(%)

1090 (78.2)

183 (76.6)

907 (78.6)

0.545

Digoxin ,n(%)

165 (11.8)

22 (9.2)

143 (12.4)

0.201

Loop diuretics,n(%)

1129 (81.0)

154 (64.4)

975 (84.5)

< 0.001

  1. ACEI (angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors), AF (atrial fibrillation), AKI (acute kidney injury), AMI (acute myocardial infarction), APSIII (acute physiology score III), ARB (angiotensin receptor blocker), angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), BUN (blood urea nitrogen), BMI (body mass index), CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting), CKD (chronic kidney disease), COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), HDL (high-density lipoprotein), HbA1c (hemoglobin A1c), LDL (low-density lipoprotein), PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention), RBC (red blood cell), SAPSII (simplified acute physiological score II), Scr (serum creatinine), SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome), SOFA (sequential organ failure assessment), TC (total cholesterol), TG (triglyceride), TyG index (triglyceride glucose index), Ucr (urine creatinine), WBC (white blood cell)
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

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