Table 2 Indexes of β-cell function, insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity by treatment group over the three time points of the trial. Values are mean (standard deviation) for normally distributed variables and median (Q1-Q3) for skewed variables. P_I(0−7) and P_I(7−10) are P values for interaction between treatment allocation and time of visit in the repeated measures ANOVA model, for the pairwise comparisons between 0 and seven months and seven and ten months respectively, corrected for multiple testing by Bonferroni method. P_{I overall} is P for interaction between treatment allocation and time of visit in the whole ANOVA model

Indexes of β-cell function

Insulinogenic index

84.8 (58.8, 100.0)

72.4 (48.0, 111.7)

64.2 (57.1, 98.3)

57.9 (48.8, 75.2)

0.47

107.3 (78.3, 129.4)

65.1 (47.8, 88.3)

0.33

0.69

First phase Stumvoll

800.2 (600.0)

921.8 (596.0)

897.1 (460.9)

795.1 (617.3)

0.55

1066.0 (525.5)

844.0 (503.9)

0.55

0.55

 s phase Stumvoll

242.0 (130.7)

265.5 (137.0)

253.5 (104.0)

237.4 (140.9)

0.47

297.3 (121.9)

248.9 (117.8)

0.47

0.47

 C-peptide index

2.82 (2.40, 3.39)

2.85 (2.03, 3.44)

2.58 (2.09, 3.69)

2.56 (1.90, 3.64)

0.33

2.69 (2.10, 3.79)

2.98 (2.02, 3.44)

0.33

0.40

totAUCIGI

45.5 (23.3)

51.1 (24.6)

39.2 (15.2)

42.3 (19.8)

0.18

51.9 (19.7)

43.3 (21.11)

0.67

0.18

HOMA2-β (mU/l, mmol/l)

72.6 (61.9, 94.2)

73.5 (58.6, 101.8)

70.5 (50.5, 117.0)

76.5 (47.5, 123.5)

0.55

83.5 (60.0, 92.4)

88.4 (54.2, 104.2)

0.55

0.55

Proinsulin/Insulin

0.18 (0.07)

0.17 (0.06)

0.17 (0.07)

0.16 (0.06)

0.71

-

-

-

0.71

Indexes of insulin resistance

HOMA-IR (traditional)

4.0 (1.8)

4.3 (3.0)

2.6 (1.3)

4.0 (2.5)

0.07

4.0 (2.8)

4.5 (3.2)

0.011

0.19

HOMA2-IR

1.5 (1.1, 1.8)

1.5 (1.0, 2.1)

1.4 (0.6, 1.7)

1.4 (0.9, 2.3)

0.28

1.5 (1.0, 1.8)

1.6 (1.0, 2.1)

0.03

0.20

VAI

1.39 (1.09, 1.63)

1.64 (1.16, 2.44)

1.08 (0.82, 1.82)

1.63 (1.15, 2.02)

0.82

1.12 (0.77, 1.90)

1.45 (1.30, 2.22)

0.82

0.82

LAP

37.2 (26.9, 51.4)

46.8 (32.7, 62.7)

36.1 (19.4, 48.0)

42.1 (30.2, 54.0)

0.95

33.84 (28.5, 50.4)

44.1 (35.3, 59.3)

0.95

0.95

Indexes of insulin sensitivity

QUICKI

0.32 (0.3, 0.33)

0.32 (0.30, 0.34)

0.33 (0.32, 0.36)

0.32 (0.30, 0.33)

0.0001

0.32 (0.31, 0.34)

0.31 (0.30, 0.33)

0.004

0.01

HOMA2-S

66.8 (54.6, 88.3)

68.5 (47.7, 101.3)

71.1 (59.0, 171.3)

70.5 (44.3, 108.5)

0.001

68.9 (56.9, 96.8)

64.6 (47.1, 99.0)

0.014

0.03

Stumvoll MCR₁₂₀

9.26 (8.43, 9.67)

9.14 (8.27, 9.61)

9.68 (8.46, 10.04)

9.06 (8.22, 9.55)

0.0001

9.22 (8.46, 10.04)

9.06 (8.22, 9–55)

0.004

0.003

Matsuda Index

2.22 (1.48–3.15)

2.53 (1.59–3.02)

2.78 (2.29–4.36)

3.13 (2.13–3.59)

0.14

2.32 (1.82–2.51)

3.04 (1.02–4.00)

0.34

0.05