Table 1 Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics by baseline diabetes status (mITT)
Baseline characteristics | Diabetes (N = 475) | No diabetes (N = 633) |
|---|---|---|
Age, years | 69.9 (9.7) | 71.9 (11.8) |
Sex, n (%) | ||
 Male | 292 (61.5) | 322 (50.9) |
 Female | 183 (38.5) | 311 (49.1) |
Race, n (%) | ||
 White | 437 (92.0) | 614 (97.0) |
 Asian | 30 (6.3) | 18 (2.8) |
 Other | 8 (1.7) | 1 (0.2) |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||
 Previous myocardial infarction | 234 (49.3) | 208 (32.9) |
 Previous stroke | 60 (12.6) | 59 (9.3) |
 Previous coronary revascularization | 101 (21.3) | 69 (10.9) |
 Hypertension | 429 (90.3) | 510 (80.6) |
 Atrial fibrillation | 253 (53.3) | 366 (57.8) |
 Diabetes | 475 (100.0) | 0 (0) |
 Dyslipidemia | 314 (66.1) | 278 (43.9) |
 Chronic kidney disease | 244 (51.4) | 205 (32.4) |
 Smoking | 216 (45.5) | 203 (32.1) |
 Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (SD) | 121 (16) | 119 (15) |
 Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (SD) | 72 (10) | 73 (10) |
 Heart rate, beats per minute (SD) | 73.7 (12.8) | 74.8 (13.1) |
NYHA classification, n (%) | ||
  ≤ Class II | 212 (44.6) | 305 (48.2) |
  ≥ Class III | 262 (55.2) | 325 (51.3) |
Left ventricular ejection fraction, % (SD) | 32 (10) | 33 (9) |
Left ventricular ejection fraction, n (%) | ||
  < 25% | 111 (23.4) | 115 (18.2) |
  ≥ 25% to < 40% | 213 (44.8) | 318 (50.2) |
  ≥ 40% to < 50% | 150 (31.6) | 200 (31.6) |
Ischemic HF, n (%) | 275 (57.9) | 247 (39.0) |
Device therapy, n (%) | ||
 Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator | 70 (14.7) | 61 (9.6) |
 Cardiac resynchronization therapy | 30 (6.3) | 33 (5.2) |
Heart failure history, n (%) | ||
 Newly diagnosed at index hospitalization | 106 (22.3) | 212 (33.5) |
 Documented history of HF | 369 (77.7) | 421 (66.5) |
 Hospitalization for HF in previous 12 months | 161 (43.6) | 144 (34.2) |
Pharmacotherapy, n (%) | ||
 ACEi | 232 (48.8) | 344 (54.3) |
 ARB | 85 (17.9) | 112 (17.7) |
 ARNI | 36 (7.6) | 35 (5.5) |
 Aldosterone antagonist | 299 (62.9) | 429 (67.8) |
 Beta blocker | 405 (85.3) | 509 (80.4) |
 Digitalis glycosides | 80 (16.8) | 104 (16.4) |
 Loop diuretic | 419 (88.2) | 529 (83.6) |
Laboratory test results | ||
 NT-pro-BNP, pg/mL (median [upper and lower quartiles]) | 4675 (2839; 8506) | 4743 (2754; 8338) |
 BNP, pg/mL (median [upper and lower quartiles]) | 1068 (810; 1667) | 1195 (796; 1821) |
 Hb, g/dL | 12.0 (1.6) | 12.3 (1.6) |
Hb category, n (%) | ||
  < 10 g/dL | 56 (11.8) | 58 (9.2) |
  ≥ 10 to < 14 g/dL | 366 (77.1) | 466 (73.6) |
  ≥ 14 g/dL | 53 (11.2) | 108 (17.1) |
 Serum ferritin, ng/mL | 90.7 (67.0) | 82.7 (64.2) |
 Serum ferritin < 100 ng/mL, n, (%) | 323 (68.0) | 465 (73.5) |
 TSAT, % | 13.8 (6.2) | 15.4 (8.9) |
 TSAT < 20%, n (%) | 419 (88.2) | 507 (80.1) |
 eGFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 53.6 (22.9) | 56.9 (21.5) |
 Phosphorous, mg/dL | 3.8 (0.9) | 3.7 (0.8) |
Diabetes medication | ||
 Insulins and analogs | 255 (53.7) | 0 (0) |
 Biguanides | 194 (40.8) | 0 (0) |
 Sulfonylurea | 106 (22.3) | 0 (0) |
 Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor | 31 (6.5) | 0 (0) |
 Combinations of oral BG-lowering drugs | 22 (4.6) | 0 (0) |
 Sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor | 15 (3.2) | 0 (0) |
 Alpha glucosidase inhibitors | 8 (1.7) | 0 (0) |
 Glucagon-like peptide-1 analog | 5 (1.1) | 0 (0) |
 Thiazolidinediones | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) |
Number of diabetes medications | ||
 0 | 89 (18.7) | 633 (100) |
 1 | 184 (38.7) | 0 (0) |
 2 | 140 (29.5) | 0 (0) |
  ≥ 3 | 62 (13.1) | 0 (0) |