Fig. 2
From: The cardio-renal-metabolic connection: a review of the evidence
Cardio-renal interplay in the context of T2D. The figure illustrates some of the mechanisms that sustain the bidirectional relationships between kidney disease and cardiac remodeling leading to heart failure in the context of type 2 diabetes. SNS, sympathetic nervous system; RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate CKD, chronic kidney disease; ESKD: end-stage kidney disease