Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients at week 0 (baseline) of the main UTOPIA study
Parameters | Tofogliflozin group | Conventional treatment group | intergroup p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex (males) | 87 (59.6) | 88 (60.7) | 0.90 |
Age (years) | 61.8 ± 8.9 | 61.0 ± 9.5 | 0.47 |
Current smoking | 30 (20.7) | 25 (17.2) | 0.55 |
Hypertension | 77 (52.7) | 91 (62.8) | 0.10 |
Dyslipidemia | 91 (62.3) | 102 (70.3) | 0.17 |
Duration of diabetes (years) | 12.0 ± 8.1 | 12.4 ± 8.2 | 0.71 |
Diabetic retinopathy | 26 (18.1) | 28 (19.4) | 0.88 |
Diabetic nephropathy | 42 (28.8) | 46 (31.7) | 0.61 |
Use of glucose-lowering agent | 133 (91.1) | 129 (89.0) | 0.56 |
Metformin | 78 (53.4) | 88 (60.7) | 0.24 |
Sulfonylurea | 35 (24.0) | 39 (26.9) | 0.59 |
Glinides | 8 (5.5) | 9 (6.2) | 0.81 |
Thiazolidinediones | 17 (11.6) | 19 (13.1) | 0.73 |
α-Glucosidase inhibitor | 22 (15.1) | 21 (14.5) | 1.00 |
DPP-4 inhibitor | 68 (46.6) | 82 (56.6) | 0.10 |
GLP-1 receptor agonist | 19 (13.0) | 10 (6.9) | 0.12 |
Insulin | 27 (18.5) | 32 (22.1) | 0.47 |
Use of antihypertensive drug | 69 (47.3) | 84 (57.9) | 0.08 |
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | 2 (1.4) | 5 (3.4) | 0.28 |
Angiotensin II receptor blocker | 55 (37.7) | 73 (50.3) | 0.034 |
Direct renin inhibitor | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0.50 |
Calcium channel blocker | 43 (29.5) | 48 (33.1) | 0.53 |
Diuretic drug | 7 (4.8) | 14 (9.7) | 0.12 |
α-Adrenergic receptor antagonist | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1.00 |
β-Adrenergic receptor antagonist | 3 (2.1) | 2 (1.4) | 1.00 |
α1β-Adrenergic Receptor Blocker | 3 (2.1) | 10 (6.9) | 0.05 |
Others | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – |
Use of lipid-lowering agent | 72 (49.3) | 87 (60.0) | 0.08 |
Statin | 63 (43.2) | 74 (51.0) | 0.20 |
Ezetimibe | 10 (6.8) | 11 (7.6) | 0.83 |
Resin | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – |
Fibrates | 8 (5.5) | 5 (3.4) | 0.57 |
Eicosapentaenoic acid | 0 (0.0) | 5 (3.4) | 0.030 |
Eicosapentaenoic acid/docosahexaenoic acid | 2 (1.4) | 2 (1.4) | 1.00 |
Others | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – |
Use of antithrombotic agent | 14 (9.6) | 14 (9.7) | 1.00 |
Antiplatelet agent | 12 (8.2) | 10 (6.9) | 0.83 |
Anticoagulant | 2 (1.4) | 4 (2.8) | 0.45 |
Others | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | – |