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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of initiators of GLP-1 RAs or basal insulin after propensity-score matching

From: Kidney function loss and albuminuria progression with GLP-1 receptor agonists versus basal insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes: real-world evidence

Variable

Levels

GLP-1 RAs (n = 3424)

Basal insulin (n = 3424)

STD

Demographics

 Age (years)

Mean (SD)

59.5 (9.5)

59.3 (10.8)

0.02

 Women (%)

n (%)

1530 (44.7)

1537 (44.9)

0.00

 Socioeconomic status

1–3, n (%)

453 (13.2)

457 (13.3)

0.04

4–5, n (%)

1060 (31.0)

1067 (31.2)

6–7, n (%)

1172 (34.2)

1217 (35.5)

8–10, n (%)

736 (21.5)

681 (19.9)

Missing, n (%)

3 (0.1%)

2 (0.1%)

Mean (SD)

5.9 (2.0)

5.8 (1.9)

0.04

Medical history

 Years in diabetes registry

Mean (SD)

9.8 (4.6)

9.6 (4.6)

0.04

 Established CVD history*

n (%)

729 (21.3)

709 (20.7)

0.01

 Hypertension registry*

n (%)

2390 (69.8)

2376 (69.4)

0.01

 BMI kg/m2

Mean (SD)

33.6 (5.1)

33.3 (5.6)

0.05

Missing, n (%)

125 (3.7%)

129 (3.8%)

 

 HbA1c (%)

Mean (SD)

9.0 (1.4)

9.0 (1.5)

−0.01

Missing, n (%)

3 (0.1)

8 (0.2)

 

Medications

 Metformin

n (%)

3316 (96.8)

3335 (97.4)

−0.03

 Sulfonylureas 2nd generation

n (%)

1860 (54.3)

1858 (54.3)

0.00

 SGLT2i

n (%)

475 (13.9)

475 (13.9)

0.00

 RAAS inhibitors

n (%)

2582 (75.4)

2547 (74.4)

0.02

 Thiazolidinediones

n (%)

233 (6.8)

247 (7.2)

−0.02

 Fast acting insulin

n (%)

34 (1.0)

35 (1.0)

0.00

 Beta blockers

n (%)

1320 (38.6)

1286 (37.6)

0.02

 Aldosterone antagonists

n (%)

100 (2.9)

88 (2.6)

0.02

 Antihypertensives

n (%)

2742 (80.1)

2729 (79.7)

0.01

Kidney markers

 eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2)

 > 90, n (%)

2080 (60.7)

2080 (60.7)

0.00

60–90, n (%)

1046 (30.5)

1046 (30.5)

45–60, n (%)

219 (6.4)

219 (6.4)

30–45, n (%)

70 (2.0)

70 (2.0)

15–30, n (%)

9 (0.3)

9 (0.3)

Mean (SD)

90.1 (18.8)

91.2 (19.8)

−0.06

 UACR (mg/g)

Below detectable, n (%)

1167 (34.1)

1211 (35.4)

0.04

 < 15, n (%)

448 (13.1)

426 (12.4)

15- < 30, n (%)

472 (13.8)

470 (13.7)

30- < 300, n (%)

864 (25.2)

874 (25.5)

 ≥ 300, n (%)

256 (7.5)

234 (6.8)

Missing, n (%)

217 (6.3)

209 (6.1)

Median (IQR), n

14.8 (0.0–55.0)

14.2 (0.0–54.7)

0.03

  1. BMI body mass index, CVD cardiovascular disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, GLP-1 RA glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, RAAS renin angiotensin aldosterone system, SGLT2i sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors, STD standardized difference, UACR urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio
  2. *Based on Maccabi Helathcare Services validated registries
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840