Fig. 3

The association between initiation of GLP-1 RAs versus basal insulin and the risk of categorical eGFR decline or albuminuria progression in the ITT and AT analyses. The risks of GFR decline (by different thresholds) or albuminuria progression were compared between initiators of GLP-1 RAs and initiators of basal insulin. In the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, patients were followed until October 2021, end of data availability or death. In an as-treated (AT) analysis, follow-up was also censored at study-drug discontinuation or comparator-initiation. A categorical increase of UACR was defined for the following categories: < 30, 30- < 300 or ≥ 300 mg/g. New-onset macroalbuminuria was defined as UACR ≥ 300 among those with UACR ≤ 230 mg/g at baseline (resembling a ≥ 30% increase in UACR). Outcomes were assessed as single- or confirmed measurement. Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to compare between treatment arms. Event rates are per 100 patients-years. c - confirmed measurement, GLP-1 RAs Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ER event rate, ESKD End-stage kidney disease, s -single measurement, UACR Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio