Fig. 8

Increased apoptotic cells in the diabetic hearts. A Representative images of TUNEL staining with Hoechst-stained cell nuclei. Red arrows indicate TUNEL⁺ cells. Scale bar 50 µm. B Quantification of TUNEL⁺ apoptotic cells per mm² of the LV. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 5 individuals per genotype and 3 sections per group). Statistical significance assessed by two-way ANOVA (diabetes effect F_1,53 = 6.891, P = 0.0113) followed by post hoc Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (P = not significant, ns). LV, left ventricle