Table 6 Results of the univariable Cox regression analysis

Gender (male)

0.91 (0.46–1.81)

1.17 (0.52–2.65)

Age, years

1.10 (1.04–1.15)

1.05 (1.00–1.11)

Smoking

Never

1

1

Current

0.63 (0.21–1.82)

1.09 (0.40–3.01)

Former

0.90 (0.39–2.10)

0.99 (0.44–2.20)

BMI, kg/m²

1.01 (0.95–1.07)

1.03 (0.97–1.09)

< 30

1

1

30–35

0.46 (0.18–1.19)

1.69 (0.70–4.08)

> 35

0.66 (0.29–1.51)

1.34 (0.52–3.43)

sBP at baseline

1.00 (0.98–1.02)

1.00 (0.98–1.02)

dBP at baseline

0.96 (0.93–1.00)

0.98 (0.94–1.02)

FBG, mg/dl

1.00 (1.00–1.01)

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

HbA1c, %

1.08 (0.87–1.35)

1.04 (0.81–1.35)

HbA1c < 7%

0.32 (0.08–1.35)

0.66 (0.20–2.22)

Total cholesterol, mg/dl

1.01 (1.00–1.01)

1.01 (1.00–1.02)

HDL, mg/dl

1.00 (0.97–1.04)

1.00 (0.97–10.04)

Triglycerides, mg/dl

1.001 (0.998–1.004)

1.003 (0.999–1.008)

LDLc, mg/dl

1.01 (1.00–1.02)

1.01 (1.00–1.02)^a

eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m²

0.97 (0.96–0.99)

0.98 (0.96–1.00)

Diabetes duration, years

1.07 (1.03–1.10)

1.02 (0.99–1.06)

Diabetes duration > 10 years

2.13 (1.08–4.19)

1.51 (0.72–3.18)

 > 50% coronary, carotid, or lower extremity artery stenosis

1.96 (0.68–5.63)

4.00 (1.97–8.14)

Diabetic kidney disease

2.17 (1.10–4.31)

1.91 (0.94–3.92)

Anti-diabetic medications taken with GLP-1 RAs

Metformin + GLP-1

0.49 (0.17–1.41)

0.53 (0.20–1.39)

Sulphonylureas + GLP-1

2.01 (0.97–4.17)

1.49 (0.72–3.08)

Pioglitazone + GLP-1

0.35 (0.12–1.01)

0.94 (0.32–2.74)

Acarbose + GLP-1

3.72 (0.87–15.83)

NC

Insulin + GLP-1

1.05 (0.50–2.19)

1.40 (0.68–2.90)

SGLT2i + GLP-1

NC

NC

Cardioactive therapies at baseline

Statins

0.70 (0.35–1.39)

Ezetemibe

2.48 (0.75–8.17)

Antiplatelet agents

0.90 (0.42–1.93)

Anti-hypertensives

1.89 (0.73–4.90)

ACEi o ARBs o MRAs

1.09 (0.53–2.24)

Other CV risk factors

Arterial hypertension

2.10 (0.74–5.97)

Dyslipidemia

0.91 (0.45–1.82)