Table 1 Characteristics of the included randomized clinical trials in this study

Lavalle-González et al., 2013 [33]

Canagliflozin (100/300 mg)/Placebo and Sitagliptin

Metformin

Cefalu et al., 2013 [34]

Canagliflozin (100/300 mg)/Glimepiride

Metformin

NCT01106690, 2013

Canagliflozin (100/300 mg)/Placebo and Sitagliptin

Metformin and pioglitazone

Yale et al., 2014 [35]

Canagliflozin (100/300 mg)/Placebo

Accordance with local guidelines

Neal et al., 2015 [20]

Canagliflozin (100/300 mg)/Placebo

Sulfonylurea

Bode et al., 2015 [36]

Canagliflozin (100/300 mg)/Placebo

Stable antihyperglycemic (AHA) regimen

Rosenstock et al., 2016 [37]

Canagliflozin (100/300 mg)/Metformin

Metformin

NCT01989754, 2017

Canagliflozin (100 mg 13 weeks then 300 mg)/Placebo

Accordance with local guidelines

Perkovic et al., 2019 [23]

Canagliflozin (100 mg)/ Placebo

Accordance with local guidelines

Lingvay et al., 2019 [38]

Canagliflozin (100 mg 13 weeks then 300 mg)/Semaglutide

Metformin

Nauck et al., 2011 [39]

Dapagliflozin (not mentioned)/Glipizide

Metformin

Strojek et al., 2011 [40]

Dapagliflozin (2.5/5/12 mg)/Placebo

Glimepiride

Henry et al., 2012 [41]

Dapagliflozin (5/10 mg)/Metformin

Metformin

Bailey et al., 2013 [42]

Dapagliflozin (2.5/5/10 mg)/Placebo

Metformin

Leiter et al., 2014 [43]

Dapagliflozin (10 mg)/Placebo

Usual care

NCT01137474, 2014

Dapagliflozin (2.5/5/10 mg)/Placebo

OAD with or without insulin

Wilding et al., 2014 [44]

Dapagliflozin (2.5/5/10 mg)/Placebo

Insulin

Cefalu et al., 2015 [21]

Dapagliflozin (10 mg)/Placebo

Stable background treatment except rosiglitazone

Bailey et al., 2015 [45]

Dapagliflozin (2.5/5/11 mg)/Placebo

Metformin

Matthaei et al., 2015 [46]

Dapagliflozin (10 mg)/Placebo

Metformin and sulfonylurea

Müller-Wieland et al., 2018 [47]

Dapagliflozin (13 mg)/Glimepiride

Metformin

Scott et al., 2018 [48]

Dapagliflozin (5 mg titrated to 10 mg)/Sitagliptin plus Placebo Dapagliflozin

Metformin with or without sulfonylurea

Fioretto et al., 2018 [49]

Dapagliflozin (12 mg)/Placebo

Insulin, metformin, sulfonylurea or TZD

Yang et al., 2018 [50]

Dapagliflozin (10 mg)/Placebo

Insulin

Wiviott et al., 2019 [19]

Dapagliflozin (10 mg)/Placebo

Current background therapy

Häring et al., 2013 [51]

Empagliflozin (10/25 mg)/Placebo

Metformin or sulfonylurea

Ferrannini et al., 2013 [52]

Empagliflozin (10 mg)/Sitagliptin and Metformin

Metformin

Barnett et al., 2014 [53]

Empagliflozin (10/25 mg)/Placebo

Metformin, insulin or sulfonylurea

Rosenstock et al., 2014 [54]

Empagliflozin (10/25 mg)/Placebo Empagliflozin 10 mg plus Placebo Empagliflozin 25 mg

Insulin or metformin

Zinman et al., 2015 [18]

Empagliflozin (10/25 mg)/Placebo

Current background therapy

Roden et al., 2015 [55]

Empagliflozin (10/25 mg)/Placebo and Sitagliptin

Metformin, sulfonylureas

NCT01649297, 2015

Empagliflozin (5/12.5 mg BID, 10/25 mg QD)/ Placebo

Metformin

Rosenstock et al., 2015 [56]

Empagliflozin (10/25 mg)/Placebo

Insulin

Araki et al., 2015 [57]

Empagliflozin (10/25 mg)/Metformin and Sulfonylurea

Sulfonylurea, biguanide, TZD, AGI or DPP-4

Hadjadj et al., 2016 [58]

Empagliflozin (5/12.5 mg BID, 10/25 mg QD)/ Metformin

Metformin

Ridderstråle et al., 2018 [59]

Empagliflozin (25 mg)/Glimepiride plus Placebo Empagliflozin

Metformin

Rodbard et al., 2019 [60]

Empagliflozin (25 mg)/Semaglutide

Accordance with local guidelines

Pratley et al., 2018 [61]

Ertugliflozin (5/15 mg)/Sitagliptin

Metformin

Rosenstock et al., 2018 [62]

Ertugliflozin (5/15 mg)/Placebo plus Glimepiride

Glimepiride or insulin

Grunberger et al., 2018 [63]

Ertugliflozin (5/15 mg)/Placebo

Exception of metformin, rosiglitazone, and other SGLT2 inhibitors

Dagogo-Jack et al., 2018 [64]

Ertugliflozin (5/15 mg)/Placebo

Metformin or sitagliptin

Hollander et al., 2019 [65]

Ertugliflozin (5/15 mg)/Glimepiride

Metformin

Cannon et al., 2020 [22]

Ertugliflozin (5/15 mg)/Placebo

Insulin, metformin and sulfonylurea