Table 1 Comparison of demographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of the cohort members who died (cases) or survived (controls)
From: Adherence to antidiabetic drug therapy and reduction of fatal events in elderly frail patients
|  | Cases (n = 49,201) | Controls (n = 49,201) | SMD |
|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | |||
 Men | 26,035 (52.9%) | 26,035 (52.9%) | MV |
 Age (years): mean (SD) | 79.7 (7.2) | 79.6 (7.2) | MV |
 Clinical categorya |  |  | MV |
    Good | 6285 (12.8%) | 6285 (12.8%) |  |
    Intermediate | 11,378 (23.1%) | 11,378 (23.1%) |  |
    Poor | 22,717 (46.2%) | 22,717 (46.2%) |  |
   Very poor | 8821 (17.9%) | 8821 (17.9%) |  |
Antidiabetic agents at cohort entry | |||
 Metformin | 33,078 (67.2%) | 34,031 (69.2%) | 0.042 |
 DPP-4 inhibitor | 1869 (3.8%) | 2348 (4.8%) | 0.048 |
 Sulfonylurea | 25,767 (52.4) | 25,127 (51.1%) | 0.026 |
 Pioglitazone | 1991 (4.0%) | 2316 (4.7%) | 0.032 |
 GLP-1 RA | 293 (0.6%) | 331 (0.7%) | 0.010 |
 Meglitinide | 6917 (14.1%) | 6064 (12.3%) | 0.051 |
 Alpha glucosidase inhibitors | 1664 (3.4%) | 1534 (3.1%) | 0.015 |
 Insulin | 3675 (7.5%) | 2919 (5.9%) | 0.061 |
Other drugs | |||
 Antihypertensive agents | 45,601 (92.7%) | 45,320 (92.1%) | 0.022 |
 Lipid-lowering agents | 28,169 (57.3%) | 30,063 (61.1%) | 0.078 |
 Antiarrhythmic agents | 4835 (9.8%) | 4312 (8.8%) | 0.037 |
 Antiplatelet drugs | 33,169 (67.4%) | 32,637 (66.3%) | 0.023 |
 Oral anticoagulant agents | 7638 (15.5%) | 6153 (12.5%) | 0.087 |
 Digitalis | 4486 (9.1%) | 3312 (6.7%) | 0.088 |
 Nitrates | 11,453 (23.3%) | 10,988 (22.3%) | 0.023 |
 Anti-gout drugs | 10,466 (21.3%) | 9674 (19.7%) | 0.040 |
 Antidepressant agents | 12,294 (25.0%) | 10,732 (21.8%) | 0.075 |
 Drugs for respiratory disease | 17,010 (34.6%) | 17,297 (35.2%) | 0.012 |
Previous hospitalizations | |||
 Cardiovascular disease | 21,955 (44.6%) | 20,014 (40.7%) | 0.080 |
 Kidney disease | 2928 (6.0%) | 2143 (4.4%) | 0.072 |
 Metal disorders | 2159 (4.4%) | 1658 (3.4%) | 0.053 |
 Respiratory disease | 7347 (14.9%) | 5240 (10.7%) | 0.128 |
 Cancer | 7359 (15.0%) | 7342 (14.9%) | 0.001 |
During follow-up | |||
 Adherence with antidiabetic drugs b |  |  | 0.213 |
  Very low | 4201 (8.5%) | 3149 (6.4%) |  |
  Low | 10,272 (20.9%) | 8400 (17.1%) |  |
  Intermediate | 13,437 (27.3%) | 12,054 (24.5%) |  |
  High | 21,291 (43.3%) | 25,598 (52.0%) |  |