Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline study sample characteristics

From: Epicardial adipose tissue density is a better predictor of cardiometabolic risk in HFpEF patients: a prospective cohort study

 

Total(n = 154)

Demographics

 Age, years

74 (66, 81)

 Female, n (%)

95 (61.7)

 SBP, mmHg

133.4 ± 24.2

 DBP, mmHg

76.0 (66.5, 84.5)

 BMI, kg/m2

23.6 (21.1, 26.6)

 WC, cm

85.5 ± 10.1

Comorbidities

 Hypertension, n (%)

77 (50.0)

 Type 2 diabetes, n (%)

49 (31.8)

 Coronary artery disease, n (%)

80 (51.9)

 Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

48 (31.2)

 COPD, n (%)

24 (15.6)

Laboratory results

 FPG, mmol/L

5.4 (4.8, 6.5)

 HbA1c, %

5.9 (5.5, 6.4)

 TC, mmol/L

3.8 (3.2, 4.4)

 HDL-C, mmol/L

1.1 (0.9, 1.5)

 Non-HDL-C

2.5 (1.9, 3.1)

 LDL-C, mmol/L

2.2 (1.6, 2.7)

 TG, mmol/L

1.0 (0.8, 1.5)

 Serum urea, mmol/L

6.9 (5.7, 9.2)

 Serum Cr, umol/L

78.0 (63.0, 100.3)

 NT-proBNP, pg/mL

1290.0 (452.0, 2700.0)

 hsCRP, mg/L

2.4 (0.7, 5.6)

Metabolic indices

 TyG

8.5 (8.2, 8.8)

 TG/HDL-C

2.1 (1.4, 3.3)

 METS‐IR

36.4 (31.5, 41.1)

 MetS Z-score

0.1 (− 0.4, 0.6)

HFA-PEFF score

6 (5, 6)

Medications

 ACEI/ARB, n (%)

65 (42.2)

 Beta-blocker, n (%)

80 (51.9)

 CCB, n (%)

38 (24.7)

 Diuretics, n (%)

96 (62.3)

 Spironolactone, n (%)

44 (28.6)

 Statins, n (%)

105 (68.2)

Echocardiography parameters

RA and RV

 RA diameter, mm

39.5 (35.0, 46.0)

 RV diameter, mm

21.0 (20.0, 24.0)

 TAPSE, mm

17.8 ± 3.9

 TAPSE-S, cm/s

10.7 (9.0, 13.1)

LA and LV

 LA diameter, mm

36.0 (32.0, 40.0)

 LAVI, mL/m2

38.8 (29.6, 51.4)

 LVEDD, mm

46.6 ± 6.4

 LVESD, mm

31.6 ± 5.1

 LVPW, mm

10 (10, 12)

 LVMI, g/m2

111.0 (89.0, 135.6)

LV diastolic function

 E-wave, cm/s

69.7 (55.9, 89.8)

 A-wave, cm/s

85.6 (72.1, 99.3)

 E/A ratio

0.8 (0.6, 0.9)

 Septal e′, cm/s

4.9 (4.0, 6.0)

 Lateral e′, cm/s

6.7 (5.3, 8.3)

 Mean E/e′

12.3 (9.1, 15.9)

LV systolic function

 FS, %

33 (31, 36)

 LVEF, %

61 (58, 65)

Computed tomography results

 EAT volume, cm3

145.7 (105.9, 185.7)

 EAT density, HU

− 76.2 (− 81.4, − 70.4)

 CACS, AU

61.0 (0, 375.3)

  1. Non-HDL-C was calculated as total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol
  2. ACEI/ARB angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin II receptor blocker, A-wave peak late diastolic transmitral flow velocity, BMI body mass index, CACS coronary artery calcium score, CCB calcium channel blocker, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DBP diastolic blood pressure, E/A ratio E-Peak to A-Peak ratio, EAT epicardial adipose tissue, E-wave the peak velocity of the filling peak in the early diastolic period, FPG fasting plasma glucose, FS fractional shortening, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HFA-PEFF score a score according to the consensus recommendation from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology to diagnose HFpEF, hsCRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, LA left atrium, Lateral e′ lateral mitral annular early diastolic peak velocities, LAVI left atrial volume index, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LV left ventricular, LVEDD left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, LVESD left ventricular end-systolic dimension, LVMI left ventricular mass index, LVPW left ventricular posterior wall end diastolic thickness, Mean E/e′ average septal-lateral E/e′ ratio, MetS Z-score metabolic syndrome severity Z score, METS‐IR metabolic score for insulin resistance, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide, RA right atrium, RV right ventricle, SBP systolic blood pressure, Septal e′ septal mitral annular early diastolic peak velocities, Serum Cr serum creatinine, TAPSE tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, TAPSE-S systolic velocity of tricuspid annular tissue displacement, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, TyG triglyceride and glucose index, WC waist circumference
Back to article page

Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840