Sex differences and sex steroids influence on the presentation and severity of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy of patients with type 1 diabetes

Table 3 Main determinants of cardioautomic neuropathy as a function of sex

Dependent variable: CAN diagnosis
Independent variables	ß	95% CI		P
Independent variables	ß	Lower	Upper	P
Full factorial model (Nagelkerke’s R² = 0.161; P = 0.001)
Women
Age group > 50 years	2.749	1.176	6.422	*0.020*
Any microvascular complication	2.608	1.027	6.622	*0.044*
Duration of diabetes	0.990	0.955	1.026	0.587
Metabolic control	1.409	0.992	2.001	0.055
Full factorial model (Nagelkerke’s R² = 0.127; P = 0.004)
Men
Age group > 50 years	1.498	0.638	3.516	0.354
Any microvascular complication	2.676	1.105	6.478	*0.029*
Duration of diabetes	1.021	0.983	1.060	0.289
Metabolic control	1.343	0.951	1.897	0.094

The main determinants of cardioautonomic neuropathy in men and women by separate were addressed by binary logistic regression analyses. Bold italics figures denote statistical significance
Independent variables were introduced as follows: age group (≤ 50 years = 0, > 50 years = 1), duration of type 1 diabetes (years), metabolic control (A_1c), and any microvascular complication (absent = 0, present = 1)

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