Table 1 Baseline demographics
| Â | Presence of diabetes mellitus | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-diabetic | Impaired fasting glucose | Diabetes mellitus | ||
n = 1,902,798 | n = 639,231 | n = 259,124 | ||
Male | 1,021,897 (53.7%) | 416,920 (65.22%) | 162,367 (62.66%) |  < 0.001 |
Age | 46.85 ± 13.35 | 51.16 ± 12.82 | 58.41 ± 11.65 |  < 0.001 |
Age groups |  < 0.001 | |||
20–29 | 173,978 (9.14%) | 21,198 (3.32%) | 1695 (0.65%) |  |
30–39 | 444,623 (23.37%) | 103,963 (16.26%) | 14,032 (5.42%) |  |
40–49 | 501,451 (26.35%) | 167,120 (26.14%) | 41,570 (16.04%) |  |
50–59 | 426,703 (22.43%) | 177,510 (27.77%) | 76,319 (29.45%) |  |
60–69 | 226,360 (11.9%) | 105,773 (16.55%) | 73,329 (28.3%) |  |
70–79 | 114,460 (6.02%) | 55,506 (8.68%) | 46,410 (17.91%) |  |
80– | 15,223 (0.8%) | 8161 (1.28%) | 5769 (2.23%) |  |
Body mass index | 23.45 ± 3.09 | 24.48 ± 3.14 | 25.03 ± 3.28 |  < 0.001 |
Waist circumference | 79.28 ± 8.86 | 82.78 ± 8.48 | 85.4 ± 8.41 |  < 0.001 |
Smoking status |  < 0.001 | |||
Non-smoker | 1,156,003 (60.75%) | 336,345 (52.62%) | 141,973 (54.79%) | Â |
Ex-smoker | 291,112 (15.3%) | 134,392 (21.02%) | 55,205 (21.3%) | Â |
Current smoker | 455,683 (23.95%) | 168,494 (26.36%) | 61,946 (23.91%) | Â |
Alcohol consumption |  < 0.001 | |||
Non-drinker | 979,705 (51.49%) | 292,136 (45.7%) | 146,764 (56.64%) | Â |
Mild drinker | 805,037 (42.31%) | 284,774 (44.55%) | 89,441 (34.52%) | Â |
Heavy drinker | 118,056 (6.2%) | 62,321 (9.75%) | 22,919 (8.84%) | Â |
Regular exercise | 373,528 (19.63%) | 136,411 (21.34%) | 60,359 (23.29%) |  < 0.001 |
Lowest quintile of income | 314,936 (16.55%) | 106,221 (16.62%) | 48,896 (18.87%) |  < 0.001 |
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 88.07 ± 7.42 | 107.59 ± 6.47 | 141.75 ± 44.92 |  < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 403,275 (21.19%) | 226,931 (35.5%) | 156,046 (60.22%) |  < 0.001 |
Hypertension groups |  < 0.001 | |||
Non-hypertensive | 742,754 (39.03%) | 148,248 (23.19%) | 34,715 (13.4%) | Â |
Pre-hypertension | 756,769 (39.77%) | 264,052 (41.31%) | 68,363 (26.38%) | Â |
Hypertension | 120,296 (6.32%) | 63,122 (9.87%) | 19,364 (7.47%) | Â |
Hypertension with medication | 282,979 (14.87%) | 163,809 (25.63%) | 136,682 (52.75%) | Â |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120.6 ± 14.12 | 125.79 ± 14.45 | 128.58 ± 15.23 |  < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 75.37 ± 9.64 | 78.39 ± 9.76 | 78.58 ± 9.97 |  < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 301,053 (15.82%) | 156,489 (24.48%) | 117,079 (45.18%) |  < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia groups |  < 0.001 | |||
Total cholesterol < 240 (mg/dL) | 1,601,745 (84.18%) | 482,742 (75.52%) | 142,045 (54.82%) |  |
Total cholesterol ≥ 240 | 137,075 (7.2%) | 68,984 (10.79%) | 18,501 (7.14%) |  |
Total cholesterol ≥ 240 with medication | 163,978 (8.62%) | 87,505 (13.69%) | 98,578 (38.04%) |  |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 193.37 ± 35.02 | 201.71 ± 37.41 | 191.19 ± 41.63 |  < 0.001 |
High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 55.9 ± 18.23 | 54.58 ± 22.77 | 51.14 ± 23.36 |  < 0.001 |
Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 113.91 ± 42.01 | 119.01 ± 48.74 | 108.34 ± 46.43 |  < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 81,552 (4.29%) | 37,783 (5.91%) | 27,786 (10.72%) |  < 0.001 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) | 90.6 ± 38.44 | 87.24 ± 33.33 | 85.64 ± 36.91 |  < 0.001 |
Atrial fibrillation | 25,557 (1.34%) | 11,564 (1.81%) | 8508 (3.28%) |  < 0.001 |
Heart failure | 35,715 (1.88%) | 16,789 (2.63%) | 15,209 (5.87%) |  < 0.001 |