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Table 1 Patients’ characteristics according to the presence or absence of silent myocardial ischemia

From: Performance of the 2019 ESC/EASD guideline strategy for the screening of silent coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes

 

Total n = 385

SMI + n = 39

SMI − n = 346

p

Clinical characteristics

 Age, years

61.4 ± 9.1

63.5 ± 10.2

61.2 ± 9.0

0.135

 Elevated age (%)a

356 (92.7)

34 (87.2)

322 (93.3)

0.186

 Gender (male/female)

205/180

32/7

173/173

 < 0.0001

Diabetes

 Type 1/ Type 2/ other diabetes

27/349/9

2/37/0

25/312/9

0.517

 Diabetes duration, years

16.2 ± 9.2

20.3 ± 10.4

15.8 ± 9.0

0.004

 HbA1c, %

8.3 ± 1.9

8.2 ± 1.8

8.3 ± 1.9

0.602

Organ damage

 Retinopathy (%)

164 (42.9)

18 (47.4)

146 (42.4)

0.606

 eGFR

   

0.876

 30–59 ml/min/1.73m2

53 (13.8)

5 (12.8)

48 (14.0)

 

 < 30 ml/min/1.73m2

15 (3.9)

1 (2.6)

14 (4.1)

 

Proteinuria

 No

30 (7.9)

2 (5.1)

28 (8.2)

0.772

 Microalbuminuria

279 (73.2)

30 (76.9)

249 (72.8)

 Macroproteinuria

72 (18.9)

7 (17.9)

65 (19.0)

 Macroproteinuria or severe renal failure (%)

78 (20.5)

8 (20.5)

70 (20.5)

1.000

 Peripheral occlusive arterial disease (%)

83 (21.7)

14 (36.8)

69 (20.1)

0.023

 Peripheral neuropathy

273 (72.4)

27 (71.1)

246 (72.6)

0.849

Cardiovascular risk factors

 Family history of premature CAD (%)

50 (13.9)

3 (8.6)

47 (14.5)

0.446

 Body mass index, kg/m2

31.6 ± 6.3

29.8 ± 5.8

31.8 ± 6.4

0.062

 Obesity (%)

216 (57.9)

18 (46.2)

198 (59.3)

0.126

 Hypertension (%)

338 (88.7)

37 (97.4)

301 (87.8)

0.102

Lipid parameters

 Total cholesterol, mmol/l

4.2 ± 1.0

4.1 ± 1.1

4.2 ± 1.0

0.722

 HDL-cholesterol, mmol/l

1.2 ± 0.4

1.1 ± 0.3

1.2 ± 0.4

0.047

 Triglycerides, mmol/l

1.7 ± 0.9

1.7 ± 0.6

1.7 ± 1.0

0.731

 LDL-cholesterol, mmol/l

2.2 ± 0.9

2.3 ± 1.0

2.2 ± 0.9

0.545

 Dyslipidemia (%)

345 (89.8)

35 (89.7)

310 (89.9)

1.000

Smoking (%)

80 (21.5)

10 (27.8)

70 (20.8)

0.392

Prespecified categories

 Severe TOD

146 (37.9)

20 (51.3)

126 (36.4)

0.082

 Any TOD, mild or severe

373 (96.9)

39 (100.0)

334 (96.5)

0.620

 At least 3 risk factors (%)b

352 (92.1)

36 (92.3)

316 (92.1)

1.000

 CAC score

 CAC score (AU)

75.0 [2.6–351.0]

296.0 [73.0–1000.0]

56.7 [1.6–274.9]

 < 0.0001

 CAC score ≥ 400 AU (%)

86 (22.3)

16 (41.0)

70 (20.2)

0.007

 CAC score ≥ 100 AU (%)

175 (45.5)

27 (69.2)

148 (42.8)

0.002

  1. CAC score (AU) coronary artery calcium score (Agatston units), eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, SMI silent myocardial ischemia, TOD target organ damage
  2. a ≥ 50 years for patients with type 2 diabetes or ≥ 35 years in those with type 1 diabetes
  3. bamong age, dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking and obesity
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840