Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction from 2010 to 2019 prior to propensity score matching
|  | Non-DM pts (n = 108,815) | DM pts treated with GLP-1 RA/SGLT-2i (n = 1030) | DM pts not treated with GLP-1 RA/SGLT-2i (n = 36,953) | p value | p valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 70 ± 14 | 66 ± 9 | 75 ± 11 |  < 0.0001 |  < 0.0001 |
Female gender, n (%) | 36,537 (34%) | 279 (27%) | 13,612 (37%) |  < 0.0001 |  < 0.0001 |
Year of hospitalization | 2015 (2013–2017) | 2017 (2016–2019) | 2014 (2013–2017) |  < 0.0001 |  < 0.001 |
Prior MI, n (%) | 17,764 (16%) | 334 (32%) | 11,127 (30%) |  < 0.0001 | 0.12 |
STEMI as admission diagnosis, n (%) | 54,329 (50%) | 351 (34%) | 13,621 (37%) |  < 0.0001 | 0.06 |
Comorbiditiesb | |||||
 Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 30,571 (28%) | 486 (47%) | 16,702 (45%) |  < 0.0001 | 0.23 |
 Chronic IHD, n (%) | 27,772 (25%) | 490 (47%) | 13,259 (36%) |  < 0.0001 |  < 0.0001 |
 CKD, n (%) | 4494 (4%) | 62 (6%) | 5017 (14%) |  < 0.0001 |  < 0.0001 |
 COPD, n (%) | 3706 (3%) | 52 (5%) | 2600 (7%) |  < 0.0001 | 0.01 |
 Cancer, n (%) | 10,104 (9%) | 88 (9%) | 4315 (12%) |  < 0.0001 | 0.002 |
 Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 5929 (5%) | 57 (5%) | 3136 (8%) |  < 0.0001 | 0.0007 |
 Chronic heart failure, n (%) | 570 (0.5%) | 14 (1%) | 427 (1%) |  < 0.0001 | 0.55 |
Number of comorbidities |  |  |  |  < 0.0001 | 0.01 |
 0, n (%) | 51,217 (46%) | 255 (25%) | 10,258 (28%) |  |  |
 1, n (%) | 38,289 (35%) | 425 (41%) | 13,865 (37%) |  |  |
 2, n (%) | 14,375 (13%) | 248 (24%) | 8358 (23%) |  |  |
 3, n (%) | 3837 (4%) | 89 (9%) | 3260 (9%) |  |  |
  > 3, n (%) | 1097 (1%) | 15 (1%) | 1212 (3%) |  |  |
Medications before hospitalization | |||||
 ACE-I/ARBs, n (%) | 51,877 (48%) | 777 (75%) | 26,426 (71%) |  < 0.0001 | 0.008 |
 Antihypertensive drugs, n (%) | 74,782 (697%) | 914 (89%) | 32,661 (88%) |  < 0.0001 | 0.86 |
 Beta-blockers, n (%) | 33,789 (31%) | 595 (58%) | 19,181 (52%) |  < 0.0001 | 0.0003 |
 Lipid lowering drugs, n (%) | 34,162 (31%) | 828 (80%) | 22,458 (61%) |  < 0.0001 |  < 0.0001 |
 Antiplatelet drugs, n (%) | 40,204 (37%) | 626 (61%) | 23,027 (62%) |  < 0.0001 | 0.2792 |
 Anticoagulant drugs, n (%) | 6205 (6%) | 69 (7%) | 3515 (9%) |  < 0.0001 | 0.0022 |
 Oral anti-hyperglycemic drugs | – | 1030 (100%) | 25,814 (70%) |  < 0.0001 |  < 0.0001 |
 Metformin, n (%) | – | 836 (81%) | 17,931 (49%) | – |  < 0.0001 |
 Sulfonylurea, n (%) | – | 299 (29%) | 10,434 (29%) | – | 0.63 |
 DPP-4i, n (%) | – | 91 (9%) | 2870 (8%) | – | 0.24 |
 Insulin, n (%) | – | 466 (45%) | 12,112 (33%) | – |  < 0.0001 |
Procedures during index hospitalization | |||||
 Coronary multivessel disease, n (%) | 57,215 (53%) | 581 (56%) | 16,231 (44%) |  < 0.0001 |  < 0.0001 |
 PCI, n (%) | 70,610 (65%) | 732 (71%) | 20,441 (55%) |  < 0.0001 |  <0 .0001 |
 DES implantation, n (%) | 56,427 (52%) | 661 (64%) | 16,340 (44%) |  < 0.0001 |  < 0.0001 |
Endpoints | |||||
 Primary endpoint, n (%) | 18,144 (17%) | 166 (16%) | 10,722 (29%) |  < 0.0001 |  <0 .0001 |
 In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 6323 (6%) | 35 (3%) | 2714 (7%) |  < 0.0001 |  < 0.0001 |
 Acute heart failure, n (%) | 13,247 (12%) | 137 (13%) | 8443 (23%) |  < 0.0001 |  <0 .0001 |
 AKI requiring RRT, n (%) | 781 (1%) | 3 (0.3%) | 912 (3%) |  < 0.0001 |  < 0.0001 |