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Table 2 Glucose measurements, treatment for type 2 diabetes, and clinical events during the follow-up period according to glycemic variability

From: In-hospital glycemic variability and all-cause mortality among patients hospitalized for acute heart failure

 

Low GV (CoV ≤ 21%)

n = 924

High GV (CoV > 21%)

n = 1,693

P value

Glucose parameters

Mean glucose level, mg/dL

109 (97–125)

142 (118–177)

 < 0.001

Difference of glucose level*, mg/dL

27 (15–39)

115 (75–180)

 < 0.001

SD of glucose level, mg/dL

13.3 (8.0–19.3)

55.8 (36.9–85.7)

 < 0.001

CoV of glucose level, %

12.2 (7.5–16.8)

38.4 (29.2–51.9)

 < 0.001

DM prevalence, n (%)

241 (26)

869 (51)

 < 0.001

HbA1c, % [mmol/mol]

6.2 (5.8–6.8) [44 (40–51)]

6.6 (5.9–7.5) [49 (41–58)]

 < 0.001

Treatment for type 2 diabetes, n (%)

Insulin treatment during hospitalization

116 (13)

689 (41)

 < 0.001

Oral hypoglycemic agent use on admission

113 (12)

395 (23)

 < 0.001

Sulfonylurea

68 (7)

331 (20)

 < 0.001

Metformin

88 (10)

300 (18)

 < 0.001

Thiazolidinedione

5 (1)

17 (1)

0.310

Alpha glucosidase inhibitor

22 (2)

65 (4)

0.061

DPP4 inhibitor

27 (3)

111 (7)

 < 0.001

Clinical events, n (%)

HF readmission

191 (21)

385 (23)

0.241

6-month all-cause mortality

87 (9)

311 (18)

 < 0.001

1-year all-cause mortality

152 (17)

431 (26)

 < 0.001

Newly detected AF during hospitalization (n = 1711)†

49 (9%)

149 (13%)

0.020

  1. Values are median (interquartile range) or number (%)
  2. CoV, coefficient of variation; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; SD, standard deviation. Other abbreviations as in Table 1
  3. *Difference of glucose level: maximal value – minimal value of measured glucose level
  4. †Events were evaluated among the participants who did not have previous history of atrial fibrillation at the time of admission
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840