Table 2 Parameters of glycemic control and glycation

Current HbA1c (% (mmol/mol))

7.8 ± 0.83 (62 ± 7.1)

 ≤ 7.0 (≤ 53)

10 (18.5)

7.1—8.0 (54—64)

25 (46.3)

8.1—9.0 (65—75)

16 (29.6)

 > 9.0 (> 75)

3 (5.6)

Mean 10-years HbA1c (% (mmol/mol))

7.7 ± 0.63 (61 ± 5.8)

–

Skin AGEs (arbitrary units; AU)

2.4 ± 0.47

–

CV risk interpretation based on skin AGEs (n = 53)

–

Not increased

7 (13.2)

Mildly increased

15 (28.3)

Moderately increased

21 (39.6)

Strongly increased

10 (18.9)

Urinary AGEs (emission:excitation-ratio)

0.073 [0.047–0.115]

–

Serum sRAGE (pg/mL)

908 [736–1172]

–

Skin AGEs-to-sRAGE ratio

25.5 × 10^–4

[18.61 × 10^–4 − 32.17 × 10^–4]

CGM- parameters

TIR (%)

66 ± 12.9

–

TAR (%)

Total > 180 mg/dL

30 ± 14.2

Level 2 > 250 mg/dL

5.5 [1.8–9.4]

TBR (%)

Total < 70 mg/dL

3.6 [1.7–6.1]

Level 2 < 54 mg/dL

0.5 [0.08–1.43]

CV (%)

35 ± 6.1