Table 1 Patient characteristics for study 1

Gender (Male/Female)

6/10

4/4

2/6

Age (years)

53.3 ± 11.4

52.1 ± 14.9

54.5 ± 7.3

Weight (kg)

78.5 ± 15.1

76.9 ± 12.1

78.7 ± 13.2

Height (cm)

166.3 ± 8.6

164.9 ± 6.7

165.8 ± 7.5

Body mass index (kg/m²)

27.8 ± 3.5

28.0 ± 4.9

27.9 ± 4.1

Waist circumference (cm)

93.4 ± 9.3

90.3 ± 14.3

91.8 ± 11.8

Smoker status

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

HbA1c (%)

7.07 ± 0.77

6.85 ± 0.78

7.29 ± 0.74

HbA1c (mmol/mol)

53.78 ± 8.42

51.37 ± 8.53

56.18 ± 8.01

Diabetes duration (years)

9.0 [5.0; 13.0]

9.0 [3.5; 11.5]

8.0 [7.0; 15.0]

Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)

8.30 ± 2.09

7.92 ± 2.31

8.69 ± 1.87

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.45 ± 1.07

4.15 ± 1.03

4.85 ± 1.08

HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.20 ± 0.59

1.02 ± 0.39

1.45 ± 0.75

LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.47 ± 0.93

2.24 ± 0.65

2.78 ± 1.21

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

1.31 ± 0.77

1.52 ± 0.70

1.04 ± 0.83

Non-HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

3.24 ± 1.29

3.13 ± 1.06

3.40 ± 1.64

Plasma creatinine (µmol/L)

69.0 ± 14.4

72.4 ± 13.8

65.1 ± 15.1

Glomerular filtration rate (CKD, mL/min/1.73 m²)

98.3 ± 19.4

97.3 ± 24.0

99.6 ± 14.3

Aortic SBP (mmHg)^a

120.6 ± 15.6

116.1 ± 11.1

124.9 ± 19.0

Aortic DBP (mmHg)^a

83.9 ± 11.6

81.3 ± 4.2

86.6 ± 15.6

Aortic pulse pressure (mmHg)^a

37.6 ± 10.1

34.9 ± 9.1

40.3 ± 10.8

Rest CBF (PU)

4.97 [2.67; 7.41]

4.84 [3.23; 6.43]

5.11 [2.67; 7.41]

Insulin treatment

3 (18.8)

1 (12.5)

2 (25.0)

Statins

6 (37.5)

3 (37.5)

3 (37.5)

Fibrates

1 (6.3)

1 (12.5)

0 (0.0)

Antiplatelet treatment

5 (31.3)

3 (37.5)

2 (25.0)

ACE-inhibitor

2 (12.5)

1 (12.5)

1 (12.5)

ARB

2 (12.5)

2 (25.0)

0 (0.0)

Beta-blockers

2 (12.5)

1 (12.5)

1 (12.5)

Calcium-channel blockers

3 (18.8)

1 (12.5)

2 (25.0)

Other antihypertensive drugs

2 (12.5)

1 (12.5)

1 (12.5)