Table 2 Definitions of terms in included studies
Trial | Study design | Patients enrolled in trials | Patients included in this study | Setting | Drug dose (mg/day) | Median follow up | eGFR | Range of HbA1c (%) | Definitions of renal outcome among included trials in patients with T2DM and CKD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Finerenone vs placebo | |||||||||
FIDELIO-DKD | RCT | T2DM and CKD | T2DM and CKD | Multinational | Finerenone 10/20 | 2.6 years | 25 to < 75 |  ≤ 12 |  ≥ 40% eGFR decline, renal death, ESRD, eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 |
FIGARO-DKD | RCT | T2DM and CKD | T2DM and CKD | Multinational | Finerenone 10/20 | 3.4 years | 25 to 90 |  ≤ 12 |  ≥ 40% eGFR decline, renal death |
ARTS-DN | RCT | DN | DN | Multinational | Finerenone 1.25/2.5/5/7.5/10/15/20 | 90 days |  ≥ 30 |  ≤ 12 |  ≥ 40% eGFR decline |
SGLT2i vs placebo | |||||||||
EMPA-REG | RCT | T2DM | T2DM and CKD | Multinational | Empagliflozin 10/25 | 3.1 years |  ≥ 30 | 7 to 10 | Macroalbuminuria, doubling of serum creatinine, eGFR < 45 ml/min/1.73 m2, renal-replacement therapy; renal death |
CANVAS | RCT | T2DM | T2DM and CKD | Multinational | Canagliflozin 100/300 | 188.2 weeks |  ≥ 30 | 7 to 10.5 | ESRD, renal death, ≥ 40% eGFR decline, doubling of serum creatinine |
DECLARE–TIMI 58 | RCT | T2DM | T2DM and CKD | Multinational | Dapagliflozin 10 | 4.2 years | CrCl ≥ 60 ml/min | 6.5 to 12 |  ≥ 40% eGFR decline, renal death, ESRD |
CREDENCE | RCT | T2DM and CKD | T2DM and CKD | Multinational | Canagliflozin 100 | 2.62 years | 30 to < 90 | 6.5 to 12 | ESRD, doubling of serum creatinine level, renal death |
VERTIS CV | RCT | T2DM | T2DM and CKD | Multinational | Ertugliflozin 5/15 | 3.5 years |  ≥ 30 | 7 to 10.5 | N/A |
DAPA-CKD | RCT | CKD | T2DM and CKD | Multinational | Dapagliflozin 10 | 2.4 years | 25 to 75 | N/A |  ≥ 50% eGFR decline, ESRD, renal-replacement therapy, eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2, renal death |
SCORED | RCT | T2DM and CKD | T2DM and CKD | Multinational | Sotagliflozin 400 | 16 months | 25 to 60 |  ≥ 7 |  ≥ 50% eGFR decline, renal-replacement therapy, eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2 |
Cherney 2021 | RCT | T2DM and CKD | T2DM and CKD | Multinational | Sotagliflozin 200/400 | 52 weeks | 15 to < 30 | 7 to 11 |  ≥ 50% eGFR decline, renal-replacement therapy, eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2, renal death |
GLP-1 RA vs placebo | |||||||||
LEADER | RCT | T2DM | T2DM and CKD | Multinational | Liraglutide 1.8 | 3.84 years | N/A |  ≥ 7 | Macroalbuminuria, doubling of serum creatinine, eGFR < 45 ml/min/1.73 m2, renal-replacement therapy, renal death |
REWIND | RCT | T2DM | T2DM and CKD | Multinational | dulaglutide 1.5 weekly | 5.4 years |  ≥ 15 |  ≤ 9.5 | Macroalbuminuria, ≥ 30% eGFR decline, renal-replacement therapy, |
HARMONY | RCT | T2DM | T2DM and CKD | Multinational | Albiglutide 30/50 | 1.5 years |  ≥ 30 |  > 7 | N/A |
EXSCEL | RCT | T2DM | T2DM and CKD | Multinational | Exenatide 2 weekly | 3.2 years |  ≥ 30 | 6.5 to 10 |  ≥ 40% eGFR decline, renal-replacement therapy, renal death |
PIONEER-6 | RCT | T2DM | T2DM and CKD | Multinational | Semaglutide 14 oral | 15.9 months |  ≥ 30 | N/A | N/A |
SUSTAIN-6 | RCT | T2DM | T2DM and CKD | Multinational | Semaglutide 0.5/1 weekly | 109 weeks | N/A |  ≥ 7 | N/A |
AMPLITUDE-O | RCT | T2DM | T2DM and CKD | Multinational | Efpeglenatide 4/6 weekly | 1.81 years | N/A |  > 7 | Macroalbuminuria, ≥ 30% UACR increase, ≥ 40% eGFR decline, renal-replacement therapy, eGFR < 15 ml/min/1.73 m2, |