Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes according to the remnant cholesterol quartiles

Number

512,768

442,924

521,435

479,325

Age (years)

56.92 ± 12.42

57.54 ± 12.06

56.83 ± 12.01

55.04 ± 12.01

< 0.0001

Male (%)

283,065(55.2)

250,503(56.56)

311,079(59.66)

315,285(65.78)

< 0.0001

Body mass index (kg/m²)

23.96 ± 4.5

24.87 ± 3.41

25.34 ± 3.37

25.73 ± 3.33

< 0.0001

Waist circumference (cm)

82.1 ± 9.13

84.66 ± 8.76

86.01 ± 8.47

87.14 ± 8.38

< 0.0001

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

126.24 ± 15.62

128.27 ± 15.63

129.29 ± 15.64

130.33 ± 15.64

< 0.0001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

77.03 ± 10.03

78.5 ± 10.03

79.41 ± 10.12

80.52 ± 10.21

< 0.0001

Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl)

139.02 ± 42.73

141.92 ± 43.77

145.07 ± 45.38

150.62 ± 48.52

< 0.0001

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

181.64 ± 39.82

192.08 ± 41.46

199.79 ± 42.5

208.93 ± 45.25

< 0.0001

HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

56.88 ± 14.59

53.16 ± 13

50.61 ± 12.37

48.07 ± 11.89

< 0.0001

LDL cholesterol (mg/dl)

110.08 ± 37.07

115.98 ± 39.28

117.65 ± 40.41

113.86 ± 42.99

< 0.0001

Non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)

124.75 ± 37.5

138.92 ± 39.38

149.19 ± 40.54

160.86 ± 43.44

< 0.0001

Remnant cholesterol (mg/dL)

14.67 ± 3.34

22.94 ± 1.99

31.54 ± 3.13

47 ± 11.04

< 0.0001

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

71.81

(71.76–71.87)

113.32

(113.28-113.36)

155.53

(155.47-155.58)

227.91

(227.81-228.01)

< 0.0001

Smoking status

< 0.0001

Non-smoker

318,338(62.08)

261,330(59)

287,071(55.05)

234,076(48.83)

Ex-smoker

92,129(17.97)

78,897(17.81)

94,861(18.19)

89,315(18.63)

Current smoker

102,301(19.95)

102,697(23.19)

139,503(26.75)

155,934(32.53)

Alcohol drinking

< 0.0001

Non

314,134(61.26)

265,057(59.84)

294,255(56.43)

238,044(49.66)

Mild

162,645(31.72)

141,544(31.96)

175,498(33.66)

178,612(37.26)

Heavy

35,989(7.02)

36,323(8.2)

51,682(9.91)

62,669(13.07)

Regular exercise

123,172(24.02)

95,612(21.59)

104,569(20.05)

89,334(18.64)

< 0.0001

Income, low 20%

109,868(21.43)

93,352(21.08)

109,562(21.01)

100,378(20.94)

< 0.0001

Hypertension

244,395(47.66)

237,028(53.51)

289,147(55.45)

266,913(55.69)

< 0.0001

Dyslipidemia

159,422(31.09)

162,658(36.72)

207,102(39.72)

210,736(43.97)

< 0.0001

Chronic kidney disease

43,907(8.56)

45,309(10.23)

55,313(10.61)

49,440(10.31)

< 0.0001

Duration of diabetes ≥ 5years

163,716(31.93)

134,867(30.45)

147,739(28.33)

119,014(24.83)

< 0.0001

Statin user

122,853(23.96)

117,463(26.52)

139,006(26.66)

124,018(25.87)

< 0.0001

Fibrate user

9806(1.91)

9677(2.18)

12,358(2.37)

16,271(3.39)

< 0.0001

Insulin use

47,708(9.3)

34,637(7.82)

36,859(7.07)

29,225(6.1)

< 0.0001