Table 5 Summary of results from the subgroup analyses of case‒control/cross‒sectional studies

Region

15

1.15(1.07,1.23)

63.3

< 0.001

0.21

Asia

12

1.13(1.05,1.22)

63.0

0.001

Europe

3

1.56(0.95,2.57)

73.4

0.08

Basic illness

15

1.15(1.07,1.23)

63.3

< 0.001

0.02

no

14

1.13(1.06,1.21)

60.5

< 0.001

yes

1

2.26(1.24,4.12)

—

0.008

Cerebrovascular disease

15

1.15(1.07,1.23)

63.3

< 0.001

0.85

stroke

1

1.17(1.06,1.29)

—

0.001

unclassified

2

1.50(0.78,2.91)

79.8

0.23

cerebral small

vessel disease

2

1.19(0.94,1.49)

66.8

0.14

carotid artery

disease

6

1.10(0.94,1.29)

72.9

0.24

intracranial arterial

disease

4

1.20(1.05,1.37)

31.8

0.006

Sex

6

1.12(1.10,1.24)

44.4

0.03

0.39

male

3

1.08(0.98,1.19)

0.0

0.12

female

3

1.23 (0.92,1.64)

77.0

0.16

Diabetes

5

1.30(1.05,1.61)

34.7

0.02

0.04

no

2

1.18(1.03,1.36)

0.0

0.02

yes

3

1.98(1.25,3.14)

0.0

0.004