Table 4 Causal mediation analysis to evaluate the mediative effect of prevalent comorbidities on the association between gestational diabetes and long-term cardiovascular outcomes
From: Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective UK Biobank study
| Â | Proportion of mediated effect by diabetes | Proportion of mediated effect by hypertension | Proportion of mediated effect by dyslipidemia |
|---|---|---|---|
Total cardiovascular outcome | 0.21 (0.14–0.36) | 0.11 (0.08–0.17) | 0.10 (0.07–0.16) |
ASCVD | 0.30 (0.21–0.49) | 0.12 (0.09–0.19) | 0.14 (0.10–0.20) |
 Coronary artery disease | 0.34 (0.23–0.63) | 0.15 (0.10–0.25) | 0.18 (0.13–0.31) |
 Myocardial infarction | 0.26 (0.18–0.47) | 0.09 (0.06–0.16) | 0.10 (0.07–0.16) |
 Ischemic stroke | 0.23 (0.14–0.55) | 0.08 (0.05–0.19) | 0.08 (0.05–0.21) |
 Peripheral artery disease | 0.31 (0.20–0.75) | 0.11 (0.08–0.30) | 0.11 (0.07–0.24) |
Non-ASCVD | 0.19 (0.12–0.40) | 0.11 (0.07–0.22) | 0.08 (0.05–0.16) |
 Heart failure | 0.35 (0.24–0.83) | 0.12 (0.08–0.30) | 0.12 (0.08–0.30) |
 Mitral regurgitation | 0.06 (-0.04–0.18) | 0.06 (0.04–0.12) | 0.05 (0.02–0.12) |
 Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 0.13 (0.07–0.32) | 0.12 (0.08–0.26) | 0.08 (0.04–0.16) |