Fig. 5
From: Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective UK Biobank study
Survival analysis of total cardiovascular outcomes (a) Total cardiovascular outcome (b) Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease § (c) Non-atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. § a composite of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, and peripheral artery disease a composite of heart failure, aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, atrial fibrillation/ flutter, and venous thromboembolism aHR: adjusted hazard ratio [adjusted for age, race, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, early menopause, hysterectomy, prevalent diseases (hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia), and medication (aspirin, anti-hypertensive, and cholesterol-lowering agent) by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis]