Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics and MACCEs
Characteristics | Total (n = 1031) | Non-MACCEs (n = 548) | MACCEs (n = 483) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Female, n (%) | 393 (39.1) | 202 (36.9) | 191 (39.5) | 0.376 |
Age (years) | 71 (61, 79) | 69 (58, 77) | 73 (64, 81) |  < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1 (21.5, 27.1) | 24.2 (21.5, 27.1) | 23.9 (21.6, 27.1) | 0.894 |
Heart Rate (bpm) | 84 (69, 97) | 80 (69, 96) | 81(70, 98) | 0.172 |
SBP (mmHg) | 128 (114, 144) | 128 (115, 144) | 128 (113, 145) | 0.727 |
DBP (mmHg) | 75 (66, 86) | 76 (67, 88) | 74 (64, 85) | 0.003 |
Medical history, n (%) | ||||
 Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 390 (37.8) | 199 (36.3) | 191 (39.5) | 0.286 |
 None-ischemic cardiomyopathy | 209 (20.3) | 126 (23.0) | 83 (17.2) | 0.021 |
 Valvular heart disease | 203 (19.7) | 102 (18.6) | 101 (20.9) | 0.355 |
 Atrial fibrillation | 446 (43.3) | 225 (41.1) | 221 (45.8) | 0.129 |
 Hypertension | 625 (60.6) | 323 (58.9) | 302 (62.5) | 0.240 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 88 (8.5) | 59 (10.8) | 29 (6.0) | 0.006 |
Glucose metabolism state, n (%) |  |  |  |  < 0.001 |
 DM | 505 (49.0) | 230 (42.0) | 275 (56.9) | - |
 Pre-DM | 309 (30.0) | 190 (34.7) | 119 (24.6) | - |
 NGR | 217 (21.0) | 128 (23.4) | 89 (18.4) | - |
FAR | 0.078 (0.064, 0.097) | 0.076 (0.063, 0.092) | 0.081 (0.065, 0.103) | 0.002 |
Fibrinogen (g/L) | 3.0 (2.5, 3.6) | 3.0 (2.5, 3.5) | 3.0 (2.4, 3.7) | 0.283 |
ALB (g/L) | 38.1 (35.4, 40.5) | 38.8 (36.5, 41.0) | 37.2 (34.4, 39.9) |  < 0.001 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 5.08 (4.58, 6.22) | 5.02 (4.59, 6.05) | 5.21 (4.61, 6.64) | 0.058 |
HbA1c (%) | 6.1 (5.6, 7.0) | 6.0 (5.6, 6.8) | 6.2 (5.7, 7.1) |  < 0.001 |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 128 (111, 142) | 132 (116, 145) | 124.0 (105.0, 137.0) |  < 0.001 |
BNP (pg/mL) | 496 (212, 1120) | 429 (192, 887.5) | 649 (269, 1330) |  < 0.001 |
CRP (mg/L) | 4.6 (3.0, 12.0) | 4.0 (2.8, 8.3) | 5.6 (3.25, 19.6) |  < 0.001 |
Hematocrit (%) | 38.5 (33.8, 42.2) | 39.4 (5.0, 42.9) | 37.5 (32.2, 41.0) |  < 0.001 |
UA (μmol/L) | 430 (339, 541) | 422 (329, 517) | 441 (357, 577) | 0.004 |
Creatinine (μmol/L) | 84.7 (66.0, 112.0) | 80.0 (64.0, 102.5) | 88.3 (70.2, 127.4) |  < 0.001 |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 138.5 (135.5, 141.5) | 138.9 (135.8, 141.6) | 138.1 (135.1, 141.4) | 0.050 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.9 (3.6, 4.2) | 3.9 (3.6, 4.2) | 3.9 (3.6, 4.3) | 0.593 |
WBC (× 109/L) | 6.1 (5.0, 7.8) | 6.1 (5.0, 7.6) | 6.3 (5.0, 8.3) | 0.147 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.60 (2.98, 4.40) | 3.70 (3.00, 4.47) | 3.54 (2.90, 4.32) | 0.027 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.00 (0.77, 1.42) | 1.02 (0.79, 1.47) | 1.00 (0.75, 1.37) | 0.054 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.00 (0.79, 1.19) | 1.00 (0.83, 1.22) | 0.95 (0.74, 1.15) |  < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.00 (1.48, 2.67) | 2.02 (1.52, 2.76) | 2.00 (1,43, 2.59) | 0.117 |
AST (U/L) | 23.2 (17.3, 32.6) | 22.2 (16.8, 32.8) | 24.0 (18.4, 35.7) | 0.006 |
ALT (U/L) | 19.5 (12.9, 32.6) | 19.8 (12.9, 32.4) | 19.3 (13.0, 33.4) | 0.897 |
IVSTD (cm) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 0.440 |
LVPWTD (cm) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 0.480 |
LVDD (cm) | 5.8 (5.2, 6.6) | 5.9 (5.3, 6.6) | 5.8 (5.1, 6.5) | 0.776 |
LAD (cm) | 4.8 (4.4, 5.3) | 4.8 (4.4, 5.3) | 4.8 (4.4, 5.3) | 0.736 |
LVEF, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | 0.140 |
 ≤ 40 | 535 (51.9) | 291 (53.1) | 244 (50.5) | – |
 41–49 | 167 (16.2) | 96 (17.5) | 71 (14.7) | – |
  > 50 | 329 (31.9) | 161 (29.4) | 168 (34.8) | – |
Medications at admission, n (%) | ||||
 Antiplatelet agent | 455 (44.1) | 116 (37.4) | 205 (42.4) | 0.305 |
 ACEI/ARB/ARNI | 406 (39.4) | 237 (43.2) | 169 (35.0) | 0.007 |
 Beta-blocker | 807 (78.3) | 433 (79.0) | 374 (77.4) | 0.539 |
 Statins | 561 (54.4) | 304 (55.5) | 257 (53.2) | 0.466 |
 Diuretics | 914 (88.7) | 270 (87.1) | 428 (88.6) | 0.970 |
 Digoxin | 122 (11.8) | 50 (9.1) | 72 (14.9) | 0.004 |
 Aldosterone antagonist | 419 (40.6) | 214 (39.1) | 205 (42.4) | 0.268 |
 Insulin | 134 (13.0) | 77 (14.1) | 57 (11.8) | 0.284 |
 Metformin | 146 (14.2) | 86 (15.7) | 60 (12.4) | 0.133 |
 Sulfonylureas | 9 (0.9) | 7 (1.3) | 2 (0.4) | 0.137 |
 SGLT2i | 50 (4.8) | 30 (5.5) | 20 (4.1) | 0.320 |