Table 3 Subanalysis of demographic and biochemical characteristics, including mineral metabolism-related parameters, in subjects with and without subclinical carotid atherosclerosis
No plaque | Plaque | p-value | N | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical data | N = 288 | N = 85 | ||
Age | 41.9 (10.3) | 52.2 (8.8) | < 0.001 | 373 |
Sex (women) | 159 (55.2%) | 45 (52.9%) | 0.806 | 373 |
T1D number, (%) | 173 (60.1) | 53 (62.4) | 0.801 | 373 |
Ethnicity (Caucasian) | 285 (99.0%) | 84 (98.8%) | 1.000 | 373 |
Tobacco exposure | 0.278 | 371 | ||
Former smoker | 69 (24.0%) | 21 (25.0%) | ||
Smoker | 73 (25.4%) | 28 (33.3%) | ||
Hypertension | 28 (9.7%) | 36 (42.4%) | < 0.001 | 373 |
Dyslipidemia | 56 (19.4%) | 45 (52.9%) | < 0.001 | 373 |
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 123 (15.7) | 132 (19.1) | < 0.001 | 366 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 74.4 (9.7) | 75.4 (10.2) | 0.434 | 366 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.1 (3.9) | 26.9 (3.9) | < 0.001 | 373 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 87.6 (11.9) | 93.2 (12.0) | < 0.001 | 357 |
Diabetic Retinopathy | 0.004 | 373 | ||
Healthy controls | 115 (39.9%) | 32 (37.6%) | ||
Diabetic Retinopathy | 58 (20.1%) | 31 (36.5%) | ||
No Diabetic Retinopathy | 115 (39.9%) | 22 (25.9) | ||
Biochemistry | ||||
HbA1c (%) | 6.67 (1.39) | 6.97 (1.35) | 0.072 | 372 |
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 81.2 (45.6) | 92.0 (51.1) | 0.081 | 373 |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 185 (32) | 195 (39) | 0.040 | 373 |
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 107 (27) | 114 (35) | 0.076 | 371 |
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 63 (18) | 63 (16) | 0.912 | 372 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.77 (0.15) | 0.78 (0.15) | 0.442 | 373 |
Albuminuria-to-creatinine ratio (mg/g) | 6.2 (10.8) | 11.1 (19.3) | 0.027 | 373 |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 106 (13) | 96 (12) | < 0.001 | 312 |
Microalbuminuria | 13 (4.78%) | 7 (8.75%) | 0.178 | 352 |
Mineral metabolism | ||||
FGF23 (pg/mL) | 56.7 (124.0) | 62.0 (157.0) | 0.777 | 373 |
α-klotho (ng/mL) | 0.18 (0.25) | 0.26 (0.24) | 0.010 | 373 |
Calcium (mg/dL) | 9.33 (0.35) | 9.34 (0.43) | 0.941 | 373 |
Phosphate (mg/dL) | 3.55 (0.60) | 3.53 (0.68) | 0.854 | 373 |
Vitamin D (ng/mL) | 21.2 (8.7) | 21.3 (14.3) | 0.971 | 373 |
PTH (pmol/L) | 4.73 (1.67) | 4.82 (1.72) | 0.679 | 373 |