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Table 1 Characteristics of participants at baseline by CHD incidence during follow-up: LTL and SNP studies

From: Leukocyte telomere length, allelic variations in related genes and risk of coronary heart disease in people with long-standing type 1 diabetes

 

LTL study (GENEDIAB cohort)

SNP studies (all subjects)

Incident CHD

p

Incident CHD

p

No

Yes

No

Yes

N (%)

205 (79)

55 (21)

–

648 (84)

119 (16)

–

Sex: male, n (%)

119 (58)

36 (65)

0.36

343 (53)

78 (66)

0.01

LTL, T/S ratio*

1.35 [1.03]

1.18 [0.87]

0.05

–

–

–

Age, y

43 ± 11

50 ± 13

0.0005

42 ± 11

50 ± 12

 < 0.0001

Duration of diabetes, y

28 ± 9

32 ± 11

0.004

27 ± 9

32 ± 11

 < 0.0001

BMI, kg/m2

23.9 ± 3.3

24.4 ± 3.1

0.33

24.1 ± 3.5

25.1 ± 3.8

0.004

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

138 ± 18

142 ± 18

0.13

134 ± 19

140 ± 18

0.0009

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

79 ± 12

80 ± 11

0.69

77 ± 11

79 ± 11

0.06

HbA1c, %

8.5 ± 1.5

8.8 ± 1.7

0.27

8.5 ± 1.5

8.6 ± 1.5

0.43

HbA1c, mmol/mol

69 ± 17

72 ± 18

0.27

70 ± 16

71 ± 16

0.43

Total cholesterol, mmol/l

5.67 ± 1.42

5.66 ± 1.07

0.96

–

–

–

eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2

76 ± 29

68 ± 30

0.07

84 ± 31

73 ± 31

0.001

UAC, mg/l*

36 [457]

39 [258]

0.80

22 [187]

45[361]

0.04

UAC stages: Normoalbuminuria, n (%)

77 (38)

19 (35)

 

310 (48)

39 (33)

 

Microalbuminuria, n (%)

44 (21)

10 (18)

0.69

139 (21)

27 (23)

0.004

Macroalbuminuria, n (%)

84 (41)

26 (47)

 

199 (31)

53 (44)

 

Current tobacco smoking, n (%)

53 (26)

9 (16)

0.17

183 (28)

29 (25)

0.50

Previous myocardial infarction, n (%)

11 (5.4)

7 (12.7)

0.07

17 (2.6)

13 (10.9)

0.0002

Previous stroke, n (%)

6 (2.9)

3 (5.5)

0.40

15 (2.3)

6 (5.1)

0.12

Previous LLA, n (%)

30 (15)

18 (33)

0.005

39 (6.1)

25 (21.2)

 < 0.0001

Use of lipid lowering drugs, n (%)

16 (8)

5 (9)

0.78

41 (6)

20 (17)

0.0004

Use of blood pressure lowering drugs, n (%)

112 (55)

36 (69)

0.06

322 (50)

83 (72)

 < 0.0001

Use of ACE-I, n (%)

90 (44)

26 (50)

0.44

250 (39)

62 (53)

0.003

  1. Quantitative data expressed as mean ± SD or median [IQR]*. Statistics are Student's t test, BMI body mass index, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, UAC urinary albumin concentration, LLA lower limb amputation, ACE-I angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
  2. p < 0.05 was significant
  3. *Kruskal–Wallis test or Fisher's exact test. Incident CHD defined as the occurrence of myocardial infarction or the requirement of coronary revascularization during follow-up. LTL: leukocyte telomere length T/S ratio: Telomere to a single gene (used as a control) ratio (see “Methods” section)
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840