Table 1 Comparisons in baseline data between the MET group and the MET-DUL group [(\(\overline{x}\) ± s), n (%)]

Number

30

30

–

Gender male (%)

17 (56.7%)

18 (60.0%)

0.76

Age (year)

43.5 ± 4.4

42.9 ± 5.3

0.68

Diabetes duration (month)

9.3 ± 1.4

8.8 ± 1.3

0.48

BMI (kg/m²)

26.8 ± 2.7

27.1 ± 2.5

0.21

SBP (mmHg)

141.3 ± 14.2

139.4 ± 12.3

0.57

DBP (mmHg)

94.1 ± 11.4

93.6 ± 12.2

0.77

FPG (mmol/l)

7.4 ± 1.1

7.5 ± 0.9

0.78

FCP (ng/ml)

1.2 ± 0.3

1.1 ± 0.2

0.80

HbA1c (%; mmol/mol)

7.2 ± 0.2; 55.2 ± 1.6

7.1 ± 0.3; 54.1 ± 1.8

0.78

TG (mmol/l)

2.2 ± 0.8

2.3 ± 0.9

0.78

TCH (mmol/l)

5.7 ± 1.3

5.6 ± 1.2

0.77

HDL-C (mmol/l)

1.4 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.2

0.70

LDL-C (mmol/l)

3.5 ± 0.5

3.4 ± 0.3

0.76

NO (μmol/l)

68.9 ± 14.7

71.6 ± 13.9

0.31

VEGF (pmol/ml)

211.7 ± 25.8

208.3 ± 26.7

0.42

SDF-1α (pmol/ml)

2056.1 ± 512.3

1989.6 ± 531.7

0.31

CRP (mg/dl)

5.8 ± 1.1

5.7 ± 1.3

0.72

TNF-α (pg/ml)

17.9 ± 7.8

16.4 ± 7.1

0.59

IL-6 (ng/l)

126.1 ± 32.3

135.6 ± 30.8

0.29

AGEs (ng/ml)

918.9 ± 104.5

922.4 ± 106.8

0.53

EPCs (/10⁶ cell)

27.2 ± 12.3

26.1 ± 13.4

0.69

baPWV (cm/s)

1587.4 ± 103.5

1576.7 ± 111.6

0.80

EPA (OD value)

0.53 ± 0.06

0.53 ± 0.08

0.90

EAA (cell numbers)

35.95 ± 9.73

36.82 ± 10.75

0.74

EMA (cell numbers)

18.67 ± 8.32

18.89 ± 8.81

0.89

ETF (μm)

3284.21 ± 245.46

3293.78 ± 248.73

0.80