Managing thrombotic risk in patients with diabetes

Table 1 ESC guidelines on cardiovascular risk categories in patients with diabetes [4, 7, 8]

Category	Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes and cardiovascular diseases [4]	Guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes [7]	Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias in collaboration with the EAS [8]
Very high risk	Concomitant established cardiovascular disease		Target organ damage^c
	Other target organ damage^a		≥ 3 major risk factors
	≥ 3 major risk factors^b		Early onset T1DM for > 20 years
	Early onset T1DM for > 20 years
High risk	Diabetes ≥ 10 years without target organ damage and an additional risk factor	Diffuse multivessel CAD	Diabetes ≥ 10 years without target organ damage and an additional risk factor
Moderate risk	Young patients^d with diabetes for < 10 years without an additional risk factor	Any of recurrent MI, PAD, HF, or CKD with eGFR 15–59 mL/min/1.73 m²	Young patients^d with diabetes for < 10 years without an additional risk factor

CAD, coronary artery disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; EAS, European Atherosclerosis Society; ESC, European Society of Cardiology; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HF, heart failure; MI, myocardial infarction; PAD, peripheral artery disease; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
^aRenal impairment (eGFR ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m²), left ventricular hypertrophy, proteinuria or retinopathy
^bAge, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, obesity or smoking
^cMicroalbuminuria, retinopathy or neuropathy
^dT1DM aged < 35 years or T2DM aged < 50 years

ISSN: 1475-2840