Table 1 Baseline characteristics of matched population by treatments status from 2015 to 2019
Variables | Cohorts | Â | |
|---|---|---|---|
GLP-1 RA (N = 20,762) | SGLT-2i (N = 20,762) | Standardized differences | |
Mean age (+ SD) | 66.30 ± 8.60 | 66.36 ± 8.25 | − 0.00 |
Gender (Female) | 8318 (40.1) | 8334 (40.1) | − 0.00 |
Comorbidities of interest, n (%) (in the previous 5Â years) | Â | Â | Â |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 795 (3.8) | 785 (3.8) | 0.00 |
 Cardiovascular disease | 2659 (12.8) | 2660 (12.8) | − 0.00 |
 Heart failure | 791 (3.8) | 821 (4.0) | 0.00 |
 Peripheral vascular disease | 655 (3.1) | 655 (3.1) | 0.00 |
 Lower limb complication | 172 (0.8) | 180 (0.9) | − 0.00 |
 Renal disease | 347 (1.7) | 337 (1.6) | 0.00 |
 Neuropathy | 246 (1.2) | 198 (0.9) | 0.02 |
 Diabetic retinopathy | 17 (0.1) | 17 (0.1) | 0.00 |
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 502 (2.4) | 481 (2.3) | 0.00 |
 Cancer | 1513 (7.3) | 1397 (6.7) | 0.02 |
Antihyperglycemic drugs, n (%) (in the previous 5Â years) | Â | Â | Â |
 GLP-1 RA | 0 (0.0) | 1399 (6.7) | − 0.38 |
 SGLT-2i | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.00 |
 Insulin | 5429 (26.2) | 5414 (26.1) | 0.00 |
 Other AHAs | 19.834 (95.5) | 19.609 (94.4) | 0.04 |
 Metformin | 18,344 (88.3) | 18.323 (88.2) | 0.00 |
 Sulfonylureas | 10.142 (48.8) | 10.167 (49.0) | − 0.00 |
 Glinides | 2128 (10.2) | 2081 (10.0) | 0.00 |
 Glitazones | 4289 (20.7) | 4276 (20.6) | 0.00 |
 Acarbose | 1739 (8.4) | 1707 (8.2) | 0.00 |
 DDP-4i | 7391 (35.6) | 7402 (35.6) | − 0.00 |
N. of antihyperglycemic drug classes, median [IQR] | 2.0 (1–3) | 2.0 (1–3) | 0.16 |
Patients with no previous anti-hyperglycemic drug treatment, n (%) | 928 (4.5) | 1148 (5.5) | 0.04 |
Other medications of interest, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
 Antihypertensive drugs | 16.626 (80.1) | 16.550 (79.7) | 0.00 |
 ACE-I/ARBS | 14.044 (67.6) | 14.002 (67.4) | 0.00 |
 Lipid lowering drugs | 13.548 (65.2) | 13.529 (65.2) | 0.00 |
 Antiplatelet drugs | 6757 (32.5) | 6731 (32.4) | 0.00 |
 Oral anticoagulant drugs | 1426 (6.9) | 1429 (6.9) | 0.00 |
DDCI Index, median [IQR] | 4 (2.7) | 4 (2.7) | 0.00 |
Hospital admission, mean (± SD) | 1.2 (± 1.7) | 1.2 (± 1.7) | 0.00 |
Duration of diabetes, n (%) | Â | Â | Â |
 0–4 | 5106 (24.6) | 5131 (24.7) | 0.00 |
 5–9 | 5185 (25.0) | 5142 (24.8) | |
 10–14 | 5265 (25.4) | 5242 (25.3) | |
 15 +  | 5206 (25.1) | 5245 (25.3) | |
 Median [q1-q3] | 10 (5–15) | 10 (5–15) | 0.00 |