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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of enrolled participants according to presence or absence of DM

From: The role of remnant cholesterol beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetes mellitus

RC

Non-DM

n = 6683

DM

n = 625

P value

Age, year

49.36 ± 15.04

57.92 ± 13.36

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m2a

23.22 ± 3.38

25.12 ± 3.83

< 0.001

Male sex

3162 (47.31%)

316 (50.56%)

0.120

Junior high school or abovea

3879 (58.04%)

279 (44.64%)

< 0.001

Residence

  

0.950

Urban

2141 (32.04%)

201 (32.16%)

 

Rural

4542 (67.96%)

424 (67.84%)

 

Currently smoking

2380 (35.61%)

243 (38.88%)

0.103

Alcohol consumption

864 (12.93%)

107 (17.12%)

0.003

Hypertension

699 (10.46%)

154 (24.64%)

< 0.001

LDL-C, mmol/L

2.91 ± 0.90

3.08 ± 1.17

< 0.001

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.40 ± 0.36

1.29 ± 0.37

< 0.001

TG, mmol/L

1.63 ± 1.27

2.92 ± 2.68

< 0.001

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

4.80 ± 0.98

5.37 ± 1.14

< 0.001

RC, mmol/L

0.35 (0.19–0.61)

0.59 (0.32–1.20)

< 0.001

Apo-A, g/L

1.15 ± 0.39

1.10 ± 0.30

0.002

Apo-B, g/L

0.89 ± 0.26

1.02 ± 0.29

< 0.001

LDL-C/Apo-B

1.32 ± 2.22

1.15 ± 0.28

0.059

Lipoprotein (a), mg/L

77.00 (40.00-165.00)

74.00 (34.00-157.00)

0.053

Uric acid, µmol/La

307.32 ± 99.32

355.87 ± 159.58

< 0.001

WBCs, 109/La

6.29 ± 1.95

6.91 ± 2.40

< 0.001

Hs-CRP, mg/La

1.00 (0.00–2.00)

2.00 (1.00–4.00)

< 0.001

Serum creatine, µmol/La

87.33 ± 21.88

89.83 ± 24.25

0.007

HbA1c, %

5.43 ± 0.45

7.04 ± 1.54

< 0.001

FBG, mmol/L

5.08 ± 0.62

7.95 ± 2.68

< 0.001

Insulin, uIU/mL

10.27 (7.29–14.55)

16.13 (10.21–27.50)

< 0.001

HOMA-IRa

2.28 (1.58–3.34)

5.59 (3.12–10.24)

< 0.001

HOMA-ISa

0.44 (0.30–0.63)

0.18 (0.10–0.32)

< 0.001

Discordance of LDL-C and RC

  

< 0.001

 Low LDL-C/low RC

1856 (27.77%)

65 (10.40%)

 

 Low LDL-C/high RC

707 (10.58%)

134 (21.44%)

 

 High LDL-C/low RC

3189 (47.72%)

259 (41.44%)

 

 High LDL-C/high RC

931 (13.93%)

167 (26.72%)

 

Anti-hypertensive drugs

546 (8.17%)

122 (19.52%)

< 0.001

  1. DM diabetes mellitus, BMI body mass index, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglyceride, RC remnant cholesterol, Apo-A apolipoprotein A, Apo-B apolipoprotein B, WBC white blood cell, Hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, FBG fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IS homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity
  2. aMean ± SD, median (Q1-Q3), or n (%) was calculated after filling in missing data
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840