Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of enrolled participants among groups of discordant/concordant LDL-C and RC

From: The role of remnant cholesterol beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetes mellitus

 

Group 1 low LDL-C and low RC

n = 1921

Group 2 low LDL-C and high RC

n = 841

Group 3 high LDL-C and low RC

n = 3448

Group 4 high LDL-C and high RC

n = 1098

p-value†

Age, years

45 ± 16

48 ± 14

52 ± 14

52 ± 14

< 0.001

BMI, kg/m2a

21.97 ± 3.08

24.36 ± 3.55

23.38 ± 3.31

25.15 ± 3.44

< 0.001

Male sex

879 (45.76%)

488 (58.03%)

1548 (44.90%)

563 (51.28%)

< 0.001

Junior high school or above

1149 (59.81%)

486 (57.79%)

1894 (54.93%)

629 (57.29%)

0.006

Residence

0.208

 Urban

583 (30.35%)

284 (33.77%)

1109 (32.16%)

366 (33.33%)

 Rural

1338 (69.65%)

557 (66.23%)

2339 (67.84%)

732 (66.67%)

Currently smoking

631 (32.85%)

364 (43.28%)

1185 (34.37%)

443 (40.35%)

< 0.001

Alcohol consumption

215 (11.19%)

162 (19.26%)

451 (13.08%)

143 (13.02%)

< 0.001

Chronic kidney disease

138 (7.18%)

67 (7.97%)

467 (13.54%)

151 (13.75%)

< 0.001

Hypertension

134 (6.98%)

115 (13.67%)

398 (11.54%)

206 (18.76%)

< 0.001

DM

65 (3.38%)

134 (15.93%)

259 (7.51%)

167 (15.21%)

< 0.001

LDL-C, mmol/L

2.10 ± 0.36

1.90 ± 0.53

3.47 ± 0.72

3.44 ± 0.70

< 0.001

HDL-C, mmol/L

1.48 ± 0.37

1.11 ± 0.34

1.48 ± 0.33

1.21 ± 0.25

< 0.001

TG, mmol/L

0.99 ± 0.48

3.72 ± 2.61

1.30 ± 0.70

2.91 ± 1.29

< 0.001

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

3.86 ± 0.50

4.48 ± 0.89

5.22 ± 0.80

5.68 ± 0.85

< 0.001

RC, mmol/L

0.27 (0.16–0.41)

1.10 (0.79–1.75)

0.27 (0.15–0.40)

0.89 (0.72–1.16)

< 0.001

Apo-B, g/L

0.64 ± 0.13

0.78 ± 0.17

1.00 ± 0.22

1.16 ± 0.23

< 0.001

Apo-A, g/L

1.14 ± 0.36

1.06 ± 0.45

1.17 ± 0.39

1.11 ± 0.31

< 0.001

LDL-C/Apo-B

1.33 ± 2.20

1.00 ± 1.42

1.41 ± 2.52

1.16 ± 0.13

< 0.001

Lipoprotein (a), mg/L

64.00 (33.00-131.00)

49.00 (23.00–97.00)

95.00 (50.00-199.25)

77.00 (42.00-170.00)

< 0.001

Uric acid, µmol/La

275.93 ± 81.70

394.00 ± 171.96

296.05 ± 83.72

358.88 ± 94.96

< 0.001

WBC count, 109/La

6.12 ± 2.00

6.67 ± 2.58

6.25 ± 1.86

6.75 ± 1.82

< 0.001

Hs-CRP, mg/La

1.00 (0.00–2.00)

1.00 (1.00–3.00)

1.00 (1.00–2.00)

2.00 (1.00–3.00)

< 0.001

Serum creatine, µmol/La

85.21 ± 32.50

86.80 ± 15.46

88.21 ± 17.27

90.13 ± 16.35

< 0.001

HbA1c, %

5.37 ± 0.56

5.65 ± 0.95

5.60 ± 0.73

5.77 ± 0.94

< 0.001

FBG, mmol/L

4.97 ± 0.81

5.77 ± 1.75

5.29 ± 1.09

5.75 ± 1.71

< 0.001

Insulin, uIU/mL

9.32 (6.69–13.03)

12.06 (8.14–19.63)

10.28 (7.29–14.31)

13.72 (9.52–20.21)

< 0.001

HOMA-IRa

2.00 (1.39–2.90)

2.93 (1.84–5.04)

2.33 (1.61–3.40)

3.30 (2.21–5.13)

< 0.001

HOMA-ISa

0.50 (0.34–0.72)

0.34 (0.20–0.54)

0.43 (0.29–0.62)

0.31 (0.19–0.46)

< 0.001

Anti-hypertensive drugs

99 (5.15%)

93 (11.06%)

312 (9.05%)

164 (14.94%)

< 0.001

  1. BMI body mass index, DM diabetes mellitus, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglyceride; RC remnant cholesterol, Apo-A apolipoprotein A, Apo-B apolipoprotein B, WBC white blood cell, Hs-CRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, HbA1c glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, FBG fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IS homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity
  2. aMean ± SD, median (Q1-Q3), or n (%) was calculated after filling in missing data
  3. †p-values by Kruskal-Wallis rank test
Back to article page

Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840