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Table 3 Cross-sectional associations of glucose and insulin measures with cardiac strain among CHS participants

From: Glucose dysregulation and subclinical cardiac dysfunction in older adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study

Measure

Left ventricular longitudinal strain

Model 1a

Model 2b

N

Beta (95% CI)

p-value

N

Beta (95% CI)

p-value

Fasting glucose

2426

− 0.25 (− 0.39, − 0.12)

0.000

2426

− 0.07 (− 0.21, 0.07)

0.337

2 h glucose

2345

− 0.23 (− 0.37, − 0.10)

0.001

2345

− 0.04 (− 0.19, 0.10)

0.533

HOMA-IR

2426

− 0.24 (− 0.37, − 0.11)

0.000

2426

− 0.07 (− 0.20, 0.07)

0.337

Matsuda ISI

2336

0.41 (0.27, 0.54)

0.000

2336

0.18 (0.03, 0.33)

0.021

Stumvoll index

2336

− 0.21 (− 0.35, − 0.07)

0.002

2336

− 0.10 (− 0.24, 0.04)

0.178

Measure

Left ventricular early diastolic strain rate

Model 1

Model 2

N

Beta (95% CI)

p-value

N

Beta (95% CI)

p-value

Fasting glucose

2385

− 0.02 (− 0.03, − 0.01)

0.000

2385

− 0.01 (− 0.02, 0.00)

0.203

2 h glucose

2305

− 0.01 (− 0.02, − 0.01)

0.003

2305

− 0.00 (− 0.01, 0.01)

0.613

HOMA-IR

2385

− 0.02 (− 0.03, − 0.01)

0.000

2385

− 0.01 (− 0.02, 0.00)

0.232

Matsuda ISI

2296

0.03 (0.02, 0.04)

0.000

2296

0.01 (− 0.00, 0.02)

0.101

Stumvoll index

2296

− 0.01 (− 0.02, − 0.01)

0.002

2296

− 0.00 (− 0.01, 0.01)

0.455

Measure

Left atrial reservoir strain

Model 1

Model 2

N

Beta (95% CI)

p-value

N

Beta (95% CI)

p-value

Fasting glucose

2375

− 0.69 (− 1.28, − 0.09)

0.023

2375

− 0.19 (− 0.81, 0.43)

0.550

2 h glucose

2300

− 0.49 (− 1.10, 0.12)

0.113

2300

0.02 (− 0.62, 0.65)

0.959

HOMA-IR

2375

− 0.32 (− 0.91, 0.27)

0.292

2375

0.16 (− 0.46, 0.78)

0.610

Matsuda ISI

2291

0.89 (0.28, 1.50)

0.004

2291

0.21 (− 0.48, 0.89)

0.553

Stumvoll index

2291

− 0.42 (− 1.03, 0.19)

0.174

2291

− 0.06 (− 0.70, 0.58)

0.862

  1. Mean ± SD for exposure and outcome variables: Fasting glucose, mg/dL = 102.77 + 19.24, 2-h glucose, mg/dL = 142.44 + 54.6, HOMA-IR = 3.77 + 4.46, Matsuda ISI = 3.64 + 2.23, Stumvoll index = 335.48 + 178.93, Left ventricular longitudinal strain, % = 14.80 + 3.54, Left ventricular early diastolic strain rate, s.−1 = 0.676 + 0.238, Left atrial reservoir strain, % = 42.14 + 15.22
  2. Values shown are beta coefficients (95% confidence intervals) per SD increment in measure from linear regression models
  3. HOMA-IR homeostatic model of insulin resistance, ISI insulin sensitivity index
  4. aModel 1 adjusted for age, sex, race, site, speckle-tracking analyst, echo image and quality score
  5. bModel 2 = Model 1 + waist circumference, smoking, alcohol, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive therapy, LDL, HDL, eGFR, heart rate