Table 1 Demographic and baseline characteristics of patients stratified by HbA1c
Groups | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
HbA1c < 5.7 g% (No-DM) | 5.7 g% ≤ HbA1c < 6.4 g% (Pre-DM) | HbA1c ≥ 6.5 g% (DM) | ||
n = 1412 | 550 (39%) | 458 (32.4%) | 404 (28.6%) | |
Age (years) | < 0.001 | |||
< 40 | 32 (9.7%) | 3 (1.2%) | 4 (1.9%) | |
40–49 | 36 (10.9%) | 6 (2.4%) | 9 (4.2%) | |
50–59 | 54 (16.3%) | 43 (17.1%) | 37 (17.5%) | |
60–69 | 60 (18.1%) | 63 (25.0%) | 63 (29.7%) | |
70–79 | 74 (22.4%) | 66 (26.2%) | 63 (29.7%) | |
80–89 | 60 (18.1%) | 60 (23.8%) | 30 (14.2%) | |
> 90 | 15 (4.5%) | 11 (4.4%) | 6 (2.8%) | |
Gender (male) | 368 (66.9%) | 307 (67.0%) | 299 (74.0%) | 0.035 |
Obesity (BMI > 30) | 27.0 [23.5, 30.0] | 28.26 [24.4, 31.2] | 28.9 [25.5, 31.6] | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 262 (47.6%) | 297 (64.8%) | 315 (78.0%) | < 0.001 |
Hyperlipidemia | 216 (39.3%) | 253 (55.2%) | 282 (69.8%) | < 0.001 |
A diabetes mellitus history | 61 (11.1%) | 158 (34.5%) | 323 (80.0%) | < 0.001 |
Tobacco use | 162 (29.5%) | 115 (25.1%) | 123 (30.4%) | 0.168 |
Ischemic heart disease | 125 (22.7%) | 133 (29.0%) | 172 (42.6%) | < 0.001 |
Family history of coronary artery disease | 44 (8.0%) | 27 (5.9%) | 21 (5.2%) | 0.180 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 37 (6.7%) | 23 (5.0%) | 42 (10.4%) | 0.080 |
Peripheral artery disease | 18 (3.3%) | 19 (4.1%) | 36 (8.9%) | < 0.001 |
Chronic kidney disease | 62 (11.3%) | 68 (14.8%) | 70 (17.3%) | 0.026 |
Chronic heart failure/cardiomyopathy | 65 (11.8%) | 69 (15.1%) | 79 (19.6%) | 0.04 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma | 39 (7.1%) | 42 (9.2%) | 29 (7.2%) | 0.407 |
Pulmonary hypertension | 14 (2.5%) | 27 (5.9%) | 24 (5.9%) | 0.013 |
Cognitive decline | 18 (3.3%) | 8 (1.7%) | 13 (3.2%) | 0.272 |
Malignancy | 49 (8.9%) | 45 (9.8%) | 30 (7.4%) | 0.458 |
Anemia | 32 (5.8%) | 15 (3.3%) | 27 (6.7%) | 0.060 |
Atrial fibrillation | 53 (9.6%) | 66 (14.4%) | 55 (13.6%) | 0.05 |