Fig. 3
From: Triglyceride-glucose index as a marker in cardiovascular diseases: landscape and limitations
Potential molecular mechanisms that contribute to the predictive role of the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Insulin resistance (IR) is a hallmark of metabolic syndrome and has been evidenced as a risk factor for CVD. The TyG index has been identified as a reliable alternative marker of IR, which may explain the association between the TyG index and CVD. The molecular mechanisms underlying IR and CVD include metabolic flexibility, endothelial dysfunction, coagulation disorders and smooth muscle cell dysfunction. TyG: triglyceride-glucose; CVD: cardiovascular diseases; IR: insulin resistance; NO: nitric oxide; ROS: reactive oxidative stress; TxA2: thromboxane A2; TF: tissue factor; PGI2: prostaglandin I2