Table 4 Adjusted HR of mortality for the effects of sleep duration with age, duration of diabetes, age at diabetes diagnosis, insulin use, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, HbA1c, and obesity

Sleep duration = 7 & age < 65

1.00

1.00

1.00

Sleep duration = 7 & age ≥ 65

3.48 (2.95, 4.12)***

3.61 (2.81, 4.64)***

3.41 (2.72, 4.26)***

Sleep duration ≠ 7 & age < 65

1.32 (1.16, 1.51)***

1.40 (1.14, 1.71)**

1.27 (1.06, 1.51)**

Sleep duration ≠ 7 & age ≥ 65

4.00 (3.49, 4.60)***

3.82 (3.09, 4.72)***

4.20 (3.50, 5.04)***

 p for interaction

0.12

0.04

0.82

 RERI

0.20 (-0.26, 0.65)

-0.19 (-0.88, 0.51)

0.52 (-0.09, 1.14)

 AP

0.05 (-0.08, 0.18)

-0.05 (-0.26, 0.16)

0.12 (-0.03, 0.28)

 S index

1.07 (0.91, 1.26)

0.94 (0.74, 1.18)

1.20 (0.95, 1.50)

Sleep duration = 7 & duration of DM < 5

1.00

1.00

1.00

Sleep duration = 7 & duration of DM ≥ 5

1.24 (1.05, 1.46)**

1.55 (1.20, 1.99)***

1.05 (0.84, 1.30)

Sleep duration ≠ 7 & duration of DM < 5

1.15 (1.00, 1.32)*

1.24 (0.99, 1.54)

1.10 (0.93, 1.31)

Sleep duration ≠ 7 & duration of DM ≥ 5

1.60 (1.40, 1.84)***

1.82 (1.47, 2.27)***

1.47 (1.24, 1.75)***

 p for interaction

0.25

0.72

0.05

 RERI

0.21 (0.01, 0.41)

0.04 (− 0.32, 0.39)

0.32 (0.08, 0.56)

 AP

0.13 (0.04, 0.23)

0.02 (− 0.15, 0.19)

0.22 (0.11, 0.33)

 S index

1.55 (0.86, 2.78)

1.05 (0.66, 1.66)

3.17 (0.39, 25.92)

Sleep duration = 7 & DM diagnosis > 45

1.00

1.00

1.00

Sleep duration = 7 & DM diagnosis ≤ 45

1.39 (1.13, 1.72)**

1.00 (0.74, 1.34)

1.90 (1.39, 2.60)***

Sleep duration ≠ 7 & DM diagnosis > 45

1.29 (1.04, 1.59)*

1.14 (0.86, 1.51)

1.44 (1.05, 1.97)*

Sleep duration ≠ 7 & DM diagnosis ≤ 45

1.69 (1.38, 2.07)***

1.22 (0.93, 1.60)

2.32 (1.72, 3.12)***

 p for interaction

0.63

0.69

0.34

 RERI

0.01 (− 0.25, 0.28)

0.08 (− 0.24, 0.4)

 − 0.02 (− 0.46, 0.42)

 AP

0.01 (− 0.12, 0.14)

0.06 (− 0.09, 0.22)

 − 0.01 (− 0.21, 0.19)

 S index

1.02 (0.68, 1.51)

1.55 (0.09, 26.96)

0.98 (0.71, 1.36)

Sleep duration = 7 & non-insulin use

1.00

1.00

1.00

Sleep duration = 7 & insulin use

1.40 (1.12, 1.76)**

1.37 (0.99, 1.89)

1.43 (1.03, 1.98)*

Sleep duration ≠ 7 & non-insulin use

1.23 (1.11, 1.35)***

1.22 (1.05, 1.41)**

1.24 (1.09, 1.41)**

Sleep duration ≠ 7 & insulin use

1.76 (1.54, 2.03)***

1.57 (1.28, 1.93)***

1.93 (1.60, 2.33)***

 p for interaction

0.79

0.76

0.55

 RERI

0.13 (− 0.22, 0.49)

 − 0.01 (− 0.49, 0.47)

0.26 (− 0.26, 0.78)

 AP

0.08 (− 0.1, 0.25)

 − 0.01 (− 0.27, 0.26)

0.14 (− 0.09, 0.37)

 S index

1.21 (0.7, 2.11)

0.98 (0.43, 2.25)

1.39 (0.66, 2.94)

Sleep duration = 7 & SBP/DBP ≤ 130/85

1.00

1.00

1.00

Sleep duration = 7 & SBP/DBP > 130/85

0.96 (0.81, 1.13)

1.00 (0.78, 1.28)

0.92 (0.74, 1.15)

Sleep duration ≠ 7 & SBP/DBP ≤ 130/85

1.12 (0.97, 1.30)

1.11 (0.89, 1.39)

1.13 (0.93, 1.37)

Sleep duration ≠ 7 & SBP/DBP > 130/85

1.24 (1.07, 1.43)**

1.25 (1.01, 1.56)*

1.22 (1.01, 1.47)*

 p for interaction

0.11

0.38

0.19

 RERI

0.16 (− 0.01, 0.34)

0.14 (− 0.13, 0.41)

0.17 (− 0.06, 0.4)

 AP

0.13 (0.04, 0.22)

0.11 (− 0.02, 0.25)

0.14 (0.03, 0.26)

 S index

3.17 (0.11, 94.90)

2.32 (0.08, 68.01)

4.61 (0.003, 7316.63)

Sleep duration = 7 & TG < 150 mg/dL

1.00

1.00

1.00

Sleep duration = 7 & TG ≥ 150 mg/dL

1.09 (0.92, 1.29)

1.35 (1.05, 1.72)*

0.91 (0.72, 1.15)

Sleep duration ≠ 7 & TG < 150 mg/dL

1.21 (1.08, 1.35)**

1.23 (1.03, 1.47)*

1.19 (1.03, 1.38)*

Sleep duration ≠ 7 & TG ≥ 150 mg/dL

1.38 (1.22, 1.56)***

1.56 (1.29, 1.88)***

1.25 (1.06, 1.47)**

 p for interaction

0.63

0.66

0.29

 RERI

0.08 (v0.13, 0.28)

 − 0.02 (− 0.36, 0.32)

0.14 (− 0.11, 0.39)

 AP

0.06 (− 0.06, 0.17)

 − 0.01 (− 0.2, 0.17)

0.11 (− 0.03, 0.26)

 S index

1.25 (0.62, 2.52)

0.96 (0.54, 1.72)

2.36 (0.15, 36.82)

Sleep duration = 7 & HbAlc < 7%

1.00

1.00

1.00

Sleep duration = 7 & HbAlc ≥ 7%

1.04 (0.88, 1.24)

1.28 (0.98, 1.66)

0.91 (0.72, 1.13)

Sleep duration ≠ 7 & HbAlc < 7%

1.18 (1.01, 1.38)*

1.21 (0.94, 1.55)

1.18 (0.96, 1.44)

Sleep duration ≠ 7 & HbAlc ≥ 7%

1.31 (1.13, 1.52)***

1.53 (1.21, 1.93)***

1.17 (0.96, 1.41)

 p for interaction

0.54

0.96

0.49

 RERI

0.08 (− 0.11, 0.28)

0.04 (− 0.28, 0.37)

0.08 (− 0.17, 0.33)

 AP

0.06 (− 0.04, 0.16)

0.03 (− 0.13, 0.19)

0.07 (− 0.06, 0.20)

 S index

1.37 (0.50, 3.80)

1.09 (0.53, 2.23)

1.96 (0.05, 82.24)

Sleep duration = 7 & BMI < 27 kg/m²

1.00

1.00

1.00

Sleep duration = 7 & BMI ≥ 27 kg/m²

1.02 (0.86, 1.22)

0.85 (0.65, 1.10)

1.19 (0.95, 1.50)

Sleep duration ≠ 7 & BMI < 27 kg/m²

1.31 (1.17, 1.45)***

1.21 (1.03, 1.42)*

1.39 (1.20, 1.61)***

Sleep duration ≠ 7 & BMI ≥ 27 kg/m²

1.08 (0.95, 1.22)

0.99 (0.83, 1.19)

1.16 (0.98, 1.38)

 p for interaction

0.03

0.85

0.008

 RERI

 − 0.25 (− 0.46, − 0.03)

 − 0.06 (− 0.34, 0.22)

 − 0.42 (− 0.75, − 0.09)

 AP

 − 0.23 (− 0.39, − 0.07)

 − 0.06 (− 0.26, 0.13)

 − 0.36 (− 0.61, − 0.12)

 S index

0.24 (0.06, 0.93)

 − 0.13 (NE, NE)

0.27 (0.10, 0.73)