Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants according to tertiles of plasma phosphate in the Lifelines cohort
|  | Total (n = 57 170) | T1 (n = 19 898) | T2 (n = 18 355) | T3 (n = 18 917) | p for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plasma phosphate | Plasma phosphate | Plasma phosphate | |||
0.24–0.84 mmol/L | 0.85–0.99 mmol/L | 1.00–1.83 mmol/L | |||
Demographics | |||||
Age (years) | 44 [36–51] | 45 [38–50] | 44 [36–50] | 44 [34–51] |  < 0.001 |
Gender (male, %) | 23,633(41.2) | 12,036 (61) | 7018 (38) | 4510 (24) |  < 0.001 |
Smoking | |||||
 No smoking (%) | 22,951 (43) | 8201 (44) | 7431 (43) | 7274 (41) |  < 0.001 |
 Former smoker (%) | 20,056 (37) | 7258 (39) | 6299 (37) | 6448 (36) |  < 0.001 |
 Current smoker (%) | 11,054 (20) | 3380 (18) | 3522 (20) | 4136 (23) |  < 0.001 |
Alcohol use (units/week) | 7 [0–14] | 14 [0–21] | 7 [0–14] | 0 [0–14] |  < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 26.1 ± 4.3 | 26.8 ± 4.2 | 26.1 ± 4.3 | 25.2 ± 4.3 |  < 0.001 |
Lifelines Diet Score | 24.0 ± 6.0 | 23.3 ± 5.9 | 24.1 ± 6.0 | 24.7 ± 6.2 |  < 0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 126 ± 15 | 129 ± 15 | 126 ± 15 | 123 ± 15 |  < 0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure(mmHg) | 74 ± 9 | 76 ± 9 | 74 ± 9 | 72 ± 9 |  < 0.001 |
History of cardiovascular disease (%) | 1519 (3) | 586 (3) | 471 (3) | 458 (2) | 0.004 |
Diabetes (%) | 1790 (3) | 575 (3) | 562 (3) | 653 (3) | 0.005 |
Other comorbidities (COPD, cancer, dementia, epilepsy, liver cirrhosis) (%) | 325 (1) | 128 (1) | 105 (1) | 92 (1) | 0.12 |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 142 ± 2 | 142 ± 2 | 142 ± 2 | 142 ± 2 |  < 0.001 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 0.02 |
Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.28 ± 0.08 | 2.27 ± 0.09 | 2.27 ± 0.08 | 2.28 ± 0.08 |  < 0.001 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 96 ± 15 | 95 ± 14 | 96 ± 15 | 96 ± 16 |  < 0.001 |
Phosphate (mmol/L) | 0.91 ± 0.17 | 0.73 ± 0.09 | 0.92 ± 0.04 | 1.10 ± 0.09 |  |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.0 ± 0.9 | 5.1 ± 0.8 | 5.0 ± 0.8 | 4.9 ± 0.8 |  < 0.001 |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 38 ± 5 | 38 ± 5 | 38 ± 5 | 38 ± 5 |  < 0.001 |
HbA1c (%) | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 5.6 ± 0.7 | 5.6 ± 0.7 |  < 0.001 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.46 ± 0.40 | 1.37 ± 0.35 | 1.47 ± 0.38 | 1.56 ± 0.41 |  < 0.001 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 3.19 ± 0.90 | 3.25 ± 0.87 | 3.17 ± 0.90 | 3.15 ± 0.92 |  < 0.001 |
Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 0.99 [0.72–1.42] | 1.09 [0.79–1.56] | 0.97 [0.71–1.39] | 0.91 [0.68 -1.30] |  < 0.001 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.03 ± 1.00 | 5.05 ± 0.96 | 5.00 ± 0.99 | 5.04 ± 1.03 |  < 0.001 |
Vitamin D supplement use (%) | 127 (0) | 34 (0) | 41 (0) | 52 (0) | 0.09 |
Use of diuretics (%) | 2023 (4) | 729 (4) | 638 (4) | 656 (4) | 0.50 |
Use of lipid lowering drugs (%) | 3332 (6) | 1174 (6) | 1021 (6) | 1137 (6) | 0.16 |
Use of anti-thrombotic agents (%) | 2082 (4) | 834 (4) | 634 (4) | 614 (3) |  < 0.001 |