Association of SGLT2 inhibitors with cardiovascular, kidney, and safety outcomes among patients with diabetic kidney disease: a meta-analysis

Table 3 Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on clinical outcomes among participants with moderate or severe albuminuria

Outcome	No. studies	No. events	Sample size	HR (95% CI)	I², %	P_{Heterogeneity}	P_{Egger test}
Overall
MACE	4	1284*	17,084	0.80 (0.71–0.90)	25.6	0.234	0.683
Kidney composite	4	1124*	17,208	0.66 (0.58–0.75)	1.4	0.407	0.530
HHF	4	670	13,456	0.61 (0.52–0.71)	0.0	0.916	0.791
Cardiovascular death	3	642	10,209	0.70 (0.55–0.88)	50.9	0.086	0.378
Fatal and nonfatal MI	3	503	10,209	0.89 (0.75–1.07)	0.0	0.679	0.355
Fatal and nonfatal stroke	3	382	10,209	0.92 (0.75–1.14)	0.0	0.457	0.279
All-cause mortality	4	817*	13,115	0.76 (0.66–0.88)	28.8	0.219	0.285
Moderate albuminuria
MACE	3	520*	7868	0.92 (0.79–1.07)	0.0	0.795	0.342
Kidney composite	2	70*	5855	0.98 (0.62–1.57)	0.0	0.962	NA
HHF	3	261	6771	0.60 (0.47–0.77)	0.0	0.473	0.283
Cardiovascular death	2	229	4279	0.70 (0.35–1.38)	84.2	0.012	NA
Fatal and nonfatal MI	2	233	4279	1.01 (0.77–1.32)	0.0	0.774	NA
Fatal and nonfatal stroke	2	153	4279	1.06 (0.76–1.48)	0.0	0.363	NA
All-cause mortality	2	147*	4279	0.78 (0.47–1.28)	80.4	0.024	NA
Severe Albuminuria
MACE	4	764*	9216	0.73 (0.65–0.83)	0.0	0.444	0.428
Kidney composite	3	673*	8447	0.63 (0.53–0.76)	0.8	0.365	0.729
HHF	4	409	6685	0.62 (0.51–0.75)	0.0	0.915	0.815
Cardiovascular death	3	413	5930	0.72 (0.59–0.87)	0.0	0.408	0.348
Fatal and nonfatal MI	3	270	5930	0.81 (0.64–1.03)	0.0	0.654	0.389
Fatal and nonfatal stroke	3	229	5930	0.85 (0.65–1.11)	0.0	0.410	NA
All-cause mortality	3	473*	5930	0.77 (0.65–0.90)	0.0	0.415	0.234

*The number of MACE and kidney composite outcomes were not reported in SCORED and are therefore not included in the table. Likewise, the number of all-cause deaths by albuminuria were not reported in the CANVAS program and are not included in the table. CANVAS indicates Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study, CI confidence interval; HHF hospitalization for heart failure, MACE major adverse cardiovascular events, HR hazard ratio, MI myocardial infarction, NA not applicable, NR not reported, SCORED Effect of Sotagliflozin on Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Moderate Renal Impairment Who Are at Cardiovascular Risk, SGLT2 sodium-glucose cotransporter 2

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