Table 2 The composite renal outcome in CVOTs

SAVOR-TIMI 53

Doubling of creatinine level, initiation of dialysis, renal transplantation, or creatinine > 6.0 mg/dl

EXAMINE

Renal dialysis

TECOS

Renal failure

CARMELINA

End stage renal disease, death due to kidney failure, or sustained decrease of ≥ 40% in eGFR from baseline

ELIXA*

Doubling of serum creatinine

LEADER

New onset, persistent macroalbuminuria, persistent doubling of serum creatinine along with an eGRF < 45 ml/min/1.73 m², need of renal-replacement therapy or death from kidney disease

SUSTAIN-6

Persistent macroalbuminuria, persistent doubling of serum creatinine along with a creatinine clearance < 45 ml/min/1.73 m², need of continuous renal-replacement therapy

EXSCEL

New-onset macroalbuminuria, 40% reduction of eGFR, initiation of renal replacement therapy, and death from renal causes

HARMONY

Change in eGFR, worsening renal function (safety outcomes)

REWIND

New-onset macroalbuminuria (UACR > 33.9 mg/mmol), ≥ 30% decline in eGRF, or new renal replacement therapy comprising dialysis or renal transplantation

PIONEER 6

Not reported

AMPLITUDE-O

A decrease in the eGFR of ≥ 40% for ≥ 30 days, end-stage kidney disease (defined as dialysis for ≥ 90 days, kidney transplantation, or an eGFR of < 15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 for ≥ 30 days), or death from any cause

EMPA-REG

A doubling of the serum creatinine level, the initiation of renal-replacement therapy, or death from renal disease

CANVAS

 ≥ 40% reduction in eGFR, renal-replacement therapy, or renal death

DECLARE

 ≥ 40% decrease in eGFR to < 60 ml/min/1.73 m², ESRD, or death from renal cause

DAPA-HF

 ≥ 50% sustained decline eGFR or end-stage renal disease or renal death

CREDENCE

End-stage kidney disease, doubling of serum creatinine level, or renal death

VERTIS-CV

Death from renal causes, renal replacement therapy, or doubling of the serum creatinine level

DAPA-CKD

Sustained decline in the estimated GFR of at least 50%, end-stage kidney disease, or death from renal causes

EMPEROR-R

Chronic dialysis or renal transplantation or a profound, sustained reduction in the estimated GFR

SCORED

First occurrence of a sustained decrease of ≥ 50% in the eGFR from baseline for ≥ 30 days, long-term dialysis, renal transplantation, or sustained eGFR of < 15 ml/min/1.73 m² for ≥ 30 days

SOLOIST-WHF

Not reported

EMPEROR-P

The rate of decline in the eGFR during double-blind treatment