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Table 3 Effects of tofogliflozin on the GSM values of common carotid arteries after adjusting for confounders

From: Evaluation of the effect of tofogliflozin on the tissue characteristics of the carotid wall—a sub-analysis of the UTOPIA trial

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

Model 6

Model 7

Mean GSM-CCA

 Week 52

− 1.43 (− 3.78, 0.91)

− 1.40 (− 3.75, 0.94)

− 1.80 (− 4.23, 0.63)

− 2.00 (− 4.46, 0.47)

− 2.13 (− 4.60, 0.33)

− 1.86 (− 4.33, 0.60)

− 1.88 (− 4.38, 0.62)

 Week 104

− 1.19 (− 3.59, 1.22)

− 1.16 (− 3.57, 1.26)

− 1.03 (− 3.49, 1.43)

− 1.21 (− 3.68, 1.25)

− 1.36 (− 3.83, 1.10)

− 1.08 (− 3.56, 1.41)

− 1.12 (− 3.64, 1.41)

Right GSM-CCA

 Week 52

− 1.55 (− 4.79, 1.68)

− 1.48 (− 4.71, 1.75)

− 1.76 (− 5.14, 1.61)

− 2.15 (− 5.58, 1.27)

− 2.30 (− 5.74, 1.13)

− 1.98 (− 5.42, 1.46)

− 2.30 (− 5.75, 1.14)

 Week 104

− 2.13 (− 5.02, 0.76)

− 2.06 (− 4.95, 0.83)

− 1.89 (− 4.88, 1.09)

− 2.25 (− 5.24, 0.75)

− 2.40 (− 5.39, 0.59)

− 2.07 (− 5.08, 0.94)

− 2.45 (− 5.49, 0.60)

Left GSM-CCA

 Week 52

− 1.07 (− 3.75, 1.61)

− 1.10 (− 3.79, 1.58)

− 1.54 (− 4.35, 1.26)

− 1.69 (− 4.55, 1.17)

− 1.81 (− 4.66, 1.04)

− 1.54 (− 4.39, 1.31)

− 1.29 (− 4.19, 1.61)

 Week 104

− 0.40 (− 3.38, 2.59)

− 0.43 (− 3.42, 2.57)

− 0.26 (− 3.33, 2.82)

− 0.39 (− 3.48, 2.70)

− 0.54 (− 3.63, 2.56)

− 0.26 (− 3.36, 2.85)

− 0.02 (− 3.15, 3.11)

Right GSM-lesion

 Week 52

1.32 (− 4.81, 7.45)

1.34 (− 4.80, 7.48)

0.01 (− 6.31, 6.34)

− 0.74 (− 7.18, 5.70)

0.61 (− 7.07, 5.84)

0.01 (− 6.46, 6.47)

− 0.49 (− 6.98, 5.99)

 Week 104

− 2.68 (− 9.58, 4.22)

− 2.63 (− 9.52, 4.26)

− 3.30 (− 10.51, 3.91)

− 4.02 (− 11.33, 3.30)

− 3.90 (− 11.28, 3.47)

− 3.27 (− 10.48, 3.94)

− 3.81 (− 10.94, 3.32)

Left GSM-lesion

 Week 52

5.77 (− 0.67, 12.22)

5.83 (− 0.50, 12.16)

5.83 (− 0.73, 12.38)

6.18 (− 0.57, 12.93)

5.76 (− 1.07, 12.59)

5.83 (− 0.87, 12.53)

6.58 (− 0.27, 13.44)

 Week 104

0.83 (− 4.73, 6.39)

1.03 (− 4.53, 6.60)

0.67 (− 5.00, 6.34)

0.99 (− 4.86, 6.85)

0.54 (− 5.40, 6.49)

0.61 (− 5.20, 6.43)

1.45 (− 4.40, 7.30)

  1. Treatment effect (tofogliflozin and conventional treatment) is expressed as the mean change (95% CI). Differences in delta change in GSM from baseline at 52 and 104 weeks between groups at each point (treatment effect) were analyzed using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures. *P < 0.05, #P < 0.01, §P < 0.001
  2. Model 1: treatment group, week, interactions between treatment groups and week, and baseline GSM were included as fixed effects. Model 2: model 1 plus sex and age were included as fixed effects
  3. Model 3: model 2 plus body mass index, HbA1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglyceride, and systolic blood pressure at baseline were included as fixed effects
  4. Model 4: model 3 plus smoking, DPP-4 inhibitors, and angiotensin II receptor blockers at baseline were included as fixed effects. Model 5: model 4 plus statin and anti-platelets at baseline were included as fixed effects
  5. Model 6: model 3 plus smoking, hypoglycemic agents, antihypertensive agents, antihyperlipidemic agents, and antiplatelets at baseline were included as fixed effects
  6. Model 7: model 3 plus smoking, metformin, sulfonylureas, glinides, pioglitazone, α-glucosidase inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, antihypertensive agents, antihyperlipidemic agents, and antiplatelets at baseline were included as fixed effects
  7. CCA common carotid artery, GSM Gray-Scale Median
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840