Table 1 Characteristics of Study Participants by Quartiles of BMI Variability in the Look AHEAD Study
From: Variability of adiposity indices and incident heart failure among adults with type 2 diabetes
Characteristics | Whole Sample N = 4073 | Quartiles of VIM of Body mass index | P Value* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (< 9.46) N = 1016 | Q2 (9.46–15.15) N = 1015 | Q3 (15.16–23.77) N = 1020 | Q4 (> 23.77) N = 1022 | |||
At Baseline | ||||||
Age, years | 58.9 (6.8) | 59.5 (6.9) | 58.6 (6.5) | 58.9 (6.9) | 58.6 (6.7) | 0.007 |
Women, % | 59.0 | 53.2 | 60.5 | 62.9 | 59.6 | < 0.001 |
Race/ethnicity, % | < 0.001 | |||||
White | 67.8 | 64.9 | 63.4 | 68.2 | 74.5 | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 16.6 | 19.3 | 18.6 | 17.5 | 11.1 | |
Hispanic | 12.1 | 11.7 | 14.4 | 10.2 | 11.9 | |
Randomization arm | < 0.001 | |||||
Diabetes support and education | 49.1 | 75.6 | 57.6 | 38.0 | 25.0 | |
Intensive lifestyle intervention | 50.9 | 24.4 | 42.4 | 62.0 | 75.0 | |
Current smoking, % | 3.9 | 3.1 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 3.6 | 0.206 |
Alcohol drinking, % | 34.2 | 37.7 | 35.5 | 33.3 | 30.2 | 0.002 |
Duration of diabetes, years | 5.0 (2.0–10.0) | 5.0 (2.0–10.0) | 5.0 (2.0–9.0) | 5.0 (2.0–10.0) | 5.0 (2.0–10.0) | 0.164 |
eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 90.0 (16.0) | 90.2 (15.2 | 90.2 (16.3 | 90.4 (16.3 | 89.2 (16.1 | 0.288 |
Prevalent ASCVD | 13.1 | 15.5 | 13.7 | 10.2 | 12.9 | 0.005 |
Metabolic equivalents (METs) | 7.2 (2.0) | 7.5 (2.1) | 7.3 (2.0) | 7.2 (2.0) | 7.0 (1.9) | < 0.001 |
During variability assessment period | ||||||
Mean hemoglobin A1C, % | 7.0 (1.0) | 7.2 (1.0) | 7.2 (1.0) | 7.0 (1.0) | 6.7 (1.0) | < 0.001 |
Mean total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio | 4.2 (1.2) | 4.3 (1.1) | 4.4 (1.3) | 4.2 (1.1) | 4.0 (1.1) | < 0.001 |
Use of BP-lowering drug, % | 85.0 | 85.2 | 84.4 | 84.2 | 86.2 | 0.559 |
Mean systolic BP, mm Hg | 125.6 (14.1) | 126.6 (13.5) | 127.3 (14.5) | 125.3 (14.0) | 123.4 (14.1) | < 0.001 |
Mean diastolic BP, mm Hg | 68.3 (8.0) | 69.4 (7.9) | 69.2 (8.1) | 67.6 (7.8) | 66.8 (7.7) | < 0.001 |
Mean BMI, kg/m2 | 34.8 (5.9) | 34.7 (5.5) | 35.1 (5.7) | 34.7 (5.9) | 34.8 (6.3) | 0.357 |
Mean WC, cm | 111.1 (13.5) | 111.8 (12.4) | 111.5 (13.4) | 110.6 (13.6) | 110.5 (14.6) | 0.084 |
SD of systolic BP, mm Hg | 9.6 (4.9) | 9.0 (4.6) | 9.4 (5.0) | 9.7 (4.9) | 10.3 (5.0) | < 0.001 |
SD of diastolic BP, mm Hg | 4.8 (2.5) | 4.6 (2.3) | 4.9 (2.6) | 4.8 (2.5) | 5.1 (2.4) | < 0.001 |
SD of heart rate, bpm | 6.1 (3.6) | 5.4 (3.3) | 6.0 (3.4) | 5.9 (3.3) | 6.8 (4.1) | < 0.001 |
SD of hemoglobin A1C, % | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.5 (0.4) | 0.6 (0.4) | 0.6 (0.4) | < 0.001 |