Elevated levels of interleukin-12/23p40 may serve as a potential indicator of dysfunctional heart rate variability in type 2 diabetes

Table 3 Associations adjusted for demographic factors, diabetes factors and cardiovascular risk factors

	Crude		Demographic		Diabetes		Cardiovascular		All
	R²	p	R²	p	R²	p	R²	p	R²	p
SDNN
IL-12/IL-23p40	0.074	0.010	0.077	0.013	0.171	0.04	0.147	0.019	0.236	0.07
sICAM-1	0.081	0.007	0.087	0.008	0.173	0.03	0.134	0.037	0.227	0.10
SDANN
IL-12/IL-23p40	0.101	0.003	0.103	0.004	0.156	0.010	0.126	0.006	0.191	0.03
sICAM-1	0.104	0.002	0.111	0.003	0.161	0.007	0.120	0.007	0.193	0.03
SDNNi
IL-12/IL-23p40	0.081	0.007	0.093	0.013	0.100	0.014	0.185	< 0.001	0.247	0.001
VLF
IL-12/IL-23p40	0.095	0.003	0.131	0.009	0.111	0.006	0.199	< 0.001	0.282	0.001
RS
VEGF-C	0.083	0.005	0.208	0.001	0.154	0.003	0.150	0.003	0.291	< 0.001

Data is noted as R-squared and p values for each regression analysis. A p value ≤ 0.01 is considered significant and marked in bold. Raw: unadjusted analysis. Demographic: adjusted for demographic factors: age and sex. Diabetes: adjusted for diabetes factors: disease duration, haemoglobin A1c and use of insulin. Cardiovascular: adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors: BMI, smoking, hypertension, and use of antihypertensive medications. All: adjusted for both demographic, diabetes and cardiovascular
SDNN standard deviation of all normal inter-beat interval; SDANN standard deviation of the averages of interbeat intervals; SDNNi mean standard deviation of the averages of inter-beat interval for each 5-min interval; VLF very low frequency; IL interleukin; sICAM soluble intercellular adhesion molecule; VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor

ISSN: 1475-2840