Table1 Baseline characteristics and outcome incidences in all 400 patients evaluated and in those divided according to higher and lower liver stiffness measurement (LSM, indicative of liver fibrosis) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP, indicative of liver steatosis) on transient elastography (TE) examination
Characteristics | All patients (n = 400) | Patients with LSM ≤ 9.6 kPa (n = 341) | Patients with LSM > 9.6 kPa (n = 59) | Patients with CAP ≤ 296 dB/m (n = 237) | Patients with CAP > 296 dB/m (n = 163) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 64.4 (9.9) | 64.7 (9.9) | 62.6 (10.0) | 65.5 (10.2) | 62.9 (9.4)‡ |
Male sex, % | 36.0 | 35.2 | 40.7 | 35.6 | 38.6 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.4 (5.4) | 29.9 (5.2) | 32.9 (6.2)* | 28.7 (5.1) | 32.3 (5.1)* |
Waist circumference (cm) | 104 (12) | 103 (11) | 112 (12)* | 100 (11) | 109 (11)* |
Smoking, current/past, % | 43.0 | 43.4 | 40.7 | 41.9 | 45.1 |
Diabetes duration (years) | 8 (3–15) | 7 (2–15) | 10 (3–13.5) | 8 (2–15) | 7.5 (3–14) |
Dyslipidemia,a % | 94.3 | 94.1 | 94.9 | 93.5 | 95.2 |
Statin use, % | 77.8 | 78.6 | 72.9 | 79.1 | 73.2 |
Arterial hypertension, % | 84.8 | 84.8 | 84.7 | 81.5 | 88.9 |
Antihypertensive treatment | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 ACEi/ARBs, % | 79.8 | 79.1 | 84.2 | 78.3 | 82.0 |
 Diuretics, % | 59.1 | 57.8 | 66.7 | 57.5 | 62.0 |
 Calcium channel blockers, % | 28.3 | 28.3 | 28.1 | 24.8 | 33.3 |
 Systolic BP (mmHg) | 138 (17) | 138 (17) | 137 (17) | 138 (18) | 138 (16) |
 Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 77 (10) | 77 (10) | 78 (10) | 77 (10) | 78 (10) |
 Cardiovascular diseases, % | 26.8 | 26.4 | 28.8 | 25.6 | 27.5 |
 Microvascular complications, % | 49.0 | 48.3 | 52.7 | 49.1 | 48.3 |
Diabetes treatment, % | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Metformin | 89.9 | 89.1 | 94.7 | 87.6 | 92.7 |
 Sulfonylureas | 43.9 | 43.4 | 47.4 | 45.1 | 42.0 |
 Insulin | 46.3 | 45.7 | 49.2 | 44.2 | 49.0 |
 Other antidiabetic drugsb | 6.2 | 5.3 | 10.2 | 5.9 | 6.8 |
 Aspirin | 88.0 | 88.3 | 86.4 | 85.5 | 90.8 |
Laboratory parameters | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 7.8 (3.1) | 7.8 (3.0) | 8.2 (3.7) | 7.6 (3.1) | 8.2 (3.1) |
HbA1c (%) | 7.8 (1.5) | 7.8 (1.5) | 7.8 (1.6) | 7.6 (1.5) | 8.0 (1.5)‡ |
(mmol/mol) | 61.7 (10.5) | 61.7 (10.5) | 61.7 (11.6) | 59.6 (10.5) | 63.9 (10.5)‡ |
 Triacylglycerol (mmol/l) | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | 1.5 (1.0–2.3) | 1.3 (0.9–1.7) | 1.7 (1.2–2.3)* |
 HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.3)‡ | 1.2 (0.3) | 1.1 (0.3)* |
 LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2.4 (0.8) | 2.5 (0.8) | 2.1 (0.8)†| 2.4 (0.8) | 2.4 (0.8) |
 TE parameters |  |  |  |  |  |
 LSM (kPa) | 7.3 (5.9) | 5.6 (1.8) | 17.3 (10.2)* | 6.6 (6.2) | 8.5 (5.4)* |
 CAP (dB/m) | 279 (59) | 274 (59) | 306 (55)* | 241 (41) | 336 (27) * |
Outcomes incidence, absolute number (incidence rate per 1000 person-years of follow-up) | |||||
 Total CVEs | 69 (32.7) | 53 (29.4) | 16 (52.1)‡ | 47 (40.8) | 22 (26.3) |
 MACEs | 50 (23.6) | 37 (20.4) | 13 (42.3)‡ | 35 (30.1) | 15 (18.0) |
 All-cause mortality | 85 (39.5) | 70 (38.2) | 15 (46.8) | 60 (51.2) | 25 (29.2)†|
 CV mortality | 40 (18.6) | 31 (16.9) | 8 (25.0) | 30 (25.6) | 10 (11.7)‡ |
 Non-CV mortality | 45 (20.9) | 38 (20.7) | 7 (21.9) | 30 (25.6) | 15 (17.5) |