Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population by sex
|  | Women (n = 108) | Men (n = 116) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, yrs | 63.3 ± 9.4 | 59.3 ± 11.3 | 0.019 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.1 ± 3.9 | 24.2 ± 3.3 | 0.043 |
Heart rate, beats/min | 83.2 ± 14.4 | 79.2 ± 17.1 | 0.118 |
SBP, mmHg | 126.4 ± 21.2 | 121.7 ± 21.9 | 0.181 |
DBP, mmHg | 76.1 ± 13.5 | 73.7 ± 14.9 | 0.297 |
PP, mmHg | 50.3 ± 17.2 | 48.0 ± 19.3 | 0.445 |
HF duration | |||
 ≤ 1 yr | 63 (58.3) | 63 (54.3) | 0.786 |
 > 1 and ≤ 5 yrs | 27 (25.0) | 30 (25.9) | |
 > 5 yrs | 18 (16.7) | 23 (19.8) | |
Cardiovascular comorbidities, n (%) | |||
 DM | 47 (43.5) | 43 (37.1) | 0.325 |
 HT | 67 (62.0) | 75 (64.7) | 0.684 |
 CAD | 19 (17.6) | 35 (30.2) | 0.028 |
Cardiovascular risk factors, n (%) | |||
 Smoking | 4 (3.7) | 57 (49.1) | < 0.001 |
 Atrial fibrillation | 24 (22.2) | 24 (20.7) | 0.780 |
 Dyslipidemia | 34 (31.5) | 26 (22.4) | 0.126 |
Medications, n (%) | |||
 Beta-blocker | 71 (65.7) | 75 (64.7) | 0.865 |
 ACEI/ARB | 77 (71.3) | 86 (74.1) | 0.633 |
 Diuretics | 62 (57.4) | 76 (65.5) | 0.212 |
 CCB | 15 (13.9) | 16 (13.8) | 0.983 |
 Anti-thrombotic agents | 48 (44.4) | 58 (50.0) | 0.405 |
 Statins | 29 (26.9) | 46 (39.7) | 0.042 |
Laboratory data | |||
 NT-proBNP, pg/mL | 1970 (698–3967) | 1696 (586–3994) | 0.004 |
 eGFR, mL/min/1.73m2 | 70.8 ± 26.5 | 76.9 ± 25.7 | 0.013 |
 TG, mmol/L | 1.4 (0.9–1.9) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 0.042 |
 TC, mmol/L | 4.2 (3.4–5.1) | 3.9 (3.2–4.5) | 0.033 |
 HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.181 |