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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population according to FLI score (n = 778739)

From: The association of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis with heart failure and mortality

 

FLI < 20

20 ≤ FLI < 60

FLI ≥ 60

p-value

n (%)

432,445 (55.5)

274,002 (35.2)

72,292 (9.3)

< 0.001

Age (years)

51.16 ± 9.87

54.44 ± 10.30

52.62 ± 10.06

< 0.001

Men (n [%])

112,354 (25.98)

145,704 (53.18)

49,559 (68.55)

< 0.001

Income level, lowest 25% (n [%])

113,174 (26.17)

64,123 (23.40)

16,994 (23.51)

< 0.001

Current smoker (n [%])

48,686 (11.26)

56,177 (20.50)

21,374 (29.57)

< 0.001

Regular exercise (n [%])

92,637 (21.42)

57,114 (20.84)

13,078 (18.09)

< 0.001

Body weight (kg)

56.12 ± 7.29

66.31 ± 8.28

76.28 ± 10.01

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)a

22.06 ± 2.17

25.22 ± 2.26

28.11 ± 3.07

 

Waist circumference (cm)a

74.41 ± 6.19

84.56 ± 5.58

92.32 ± 6.75

 

 In men

77.50 ± 5.50

85.35 ± 5.14

92.05 ± 6.40

< 0.001

 In women

73.32 ± 6.05

83.66 ± 5.91

92.91 ± 7.42

< 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

118.80 ± 14.80

126.29 ± 15.14

130.62 ± 15.57

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

73.82 ± 9.80

78.38 ± 9.91

81.61 ± 10.44

 < 0.001

Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL)

93.76 ± 18.22

101.02 ± 25.81

109.10 ± 34.03

0.046

AST (IU/L)

21.99 ± 11.78

25.17 ± 21.06

31.59 ± 24.34

< 0.001

ALT (IU/L)

18.02 ± 11.13

26.12 ± 20.10

39.58 ± 32.48

< 0.001

GGT (IU/L)a

18.20 ± 10.25

33.59 ± 27.06

68.86 ± 72.75

 

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

193.66 ± 37.22

206.51 ± 41.08

216.03 ± 44.62

< 0.001

Triglyceride (mg/dL)a

89.81 ± 40.15

156.59 ± 77.68

261.37 ± 189.55

 

HDL-C (mg/dL)

59.00 ± 26.02

52.39 ± 30.36

50.78 ± 42.28

< 0.001

LDL-C (mg/dL)

118.03 ± 57.65

126.03 ± 60.70

123.01 ± 110.19

< 0.001

eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)

84.42 ± 20.64

75.72 ± 21.42

72.88 ± 21.84

 

Comorbidities (n [%])

 Hypertension

81,620 (18.87)

103,291 (37.20)

35,356 (48.91)

< 0.001

 Dyslipidemia

63,845 (14.76)

79,076 (28.86)

27,605 (38.19)

< 0.001

 Diabetes mellitusb

19,635 (4.54)

31,756 (11.59)

14,077 (19.47)

 

 Metabolic syndromec

53,214 (12.31)

127,973 (46.71)

56,321 (77.91)

< 0.001

  1. Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Categorical data are presented as frequencies and percentages
  2. AST alanine aminotransferase, ALT aspartate aminotransferase, BMI body mass index, DBP diastolic blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, FLI fatty liver index, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure
  3. ap-values are not provided because these variables are included in the equation of FLI
  4. bp-value is not provided because this variable is included in the equation of BARD score
  5. cMetabolic syndrome was defined based on three or more of the following five risk factors: waist circumference ≥ 90 in men and ≥ 80 in women, triglyceride ≥ 150 mg/dL, HDL < 40 in men and < 50 in women, blood pressure ≥ 130/≥ 85, and fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL
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Cardiovascular Diabetology

ISSN: 1475-2840