|
Variables
|
Metformin
|
No metformin
|
|---|
|
Empagliflozin (n = 25)
|
Placebo (n = 28)
|
P value*
|
Empagliflozin (n = 27)
|
Placebo (n = 25)
|
P value*
|
|---|
|
Age (yr)
|
64.6 ± 11.1
|
62.1 ± 10.1
|
0.400
|
66.3 ± 11.1
|
66.3 ± 9.3
|
0.983
|
|
Women
|
9 (36.0)
|
11 (39.3)
|
1.000
|
7 (25.9)
|
6 (24.0)
|
1.000
|
|
Diabetes duration (yr)
|
14.8 ± 10.1
|
12.9 ± 7.9
|
0.478
|
12.2 ± 16.2
|
13.2 ± 9.1
|
0.810
|
|
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
|
65.9 ± 10.9
|
73.0 ± 14.0
|
0.044
|
67.9 ± 13.8
|
65.1 ± 12.9
|
0.437
|
|
eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2
|
7 (28.0)
|
4 (14.3)
|
0.313
|
8 (29.6)
|
10 (40.0)
|
0.562
|
|
History
|
|
Hypertension
|
20 (80.0)
|
19 (67.9)
|
0.365
|
21 (77.8)
|
17 (68.0)
|
0.536
|
|
Dyslipidemia
|
19 (76.0)
|
20 (71.4)
|
0.763
|
20 (74.1)
|
18 (72.0)
|
1.000
|
|
Cerebrovascular disease
|
2 (8.0)
|
6 (21.4)
|
0.256
|
4 (14.8)
|
9 (36.0)
|
0.112
|
|
Cardiovascular disease
|
24 (96.0)
|
24 (85.7)
|
0.355
|
26 (96.3)
|
20 (80.0)
|
0.094
|
|
Heart failure
|
12 (48.0)
|
12 (42.9)
|
0.786
|
11 (40.7)
|
7 (28.0)
|
0.392
|
|
Medication
|
|
ACE inhibitor or ARB
|
15 (60.0)
|
17 (60.7)
|
1.000
|
16 (59.3)
|
21 (84.0)
|
0.068
|
|
Beta-blocker
|
9 (36.0)
|
7 (25.0)
|
0.550
|
10 (37.0)
|
12 (48.0)
|
0.575
|
|
Diuretic
|
2 (8.0)
|
3 (10.7)
|
1.000
|
6 (22.2)
|
7 (28.0)
|
0.752
|
|
Statin
|
22 (88.0)
|
18 (64.3)
|
0.059
|
21 (77.8)
|
18 (72.0)
|
0.752
|
|
Insulin
|
3 (12.0)
|
2 (7.1)
|
0.658
|
2 (7.4)
|
3 (12.0)
|
0.662
|
|
Sulfonylurea
|
7 (28.0)
|
7 (25.0)
|
1.000
|
1 (3.7)
|
5 (20.0)
|
0.094
|
|
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
|
4 (16.0)
|
6 (21.4)
|
0.732
|
4 (14.8)
|
2 (8.0)
|
0.670
|
|
Thiazolidinedione
|
7 (28.0)
|
10 (35.7)
|
0.572
|
5 (18.5)
|
3 (12.0)
|
0.705
|
|
DPP-4 inhibitor
|
17 (68.0)
|
19 (67.9)
|
1.000
|
20 (74.1)
|
17 (68.0)
|
0.762
|
- Data are expressed as n (%) or mean ± SD
- ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB angiotensin receptor blocker, DPP-4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
- * Empagliflozin vs. placebo
