Table 1 Baseline characteristics of subjects with normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes (n = 6361)

n

1553

3244

1564

Males (%)

47.84

42.05

38.49

Age (years)

61.30 ± 3.91

61.83 ± 3.99

62.20 ± 4.04

Current smoker (%)

25.05

20.65

18.16

Current Drinker (%)

16.29

14.98

14.58

BMI (kg/m²)

23.97 ± 3.00

24.93 ± 3.23

25.98 ± 3.43

Waist circumference (cm)

82.81 ± 9.02

84.78 ± 9.29

87.60 ± 9.29

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

132.33 ± 15.60

135.56 ± 16.42

139.71 ± 17.19

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

83.27 ± 8.88

84.46 ± 8.54

85.35 ± 8.50

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.04 ± 0.95

5.28 ± 0.97

5.38 ± 1.06

Triglyceride (mmol/L)^a

1.15 (0.81,1.62)

1.36 (0.96,1.97)

1.61 (1.14,2.40)

HDL-C (mmol/L)^a

1.34 (1.10,1.60)

1.30 (1.09,1.52)

1.25 (1.06,1.49)

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.97 ± 0.76

3.20 ± 0.80

3.25 ± 0.87

hsCRP (μg/mL)^a

0.69 (0.37,1.39)

0.88 (0.46,1.75)

1.17 (0.59,2.46)

Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)

5.48 ± 0.38

5.89 ± 0.49

7.73 ± 1.95

2-h plasma glucose (mmol/L)

6.19 ± 1.08

7.83 ± 1.69

14.39 ± 4.49

Fasting insulin (μU/mL)^a

5.48 (4.01,7.64)

6.95 (4.95,9.76)

8.28 (5.75,12.15)

HOMA-β (%)^a

55.53 (40.88,76.38)

59.27 (40.98,84.30)

43.45 (27.50,66.92)

HOMA-IR^a

1.35 (0.96,1.89)

1.82 (1.29,2.57)

2.72 (1.87,4.16)

HbA_1c (mmol/mol)

34.58 ± 2.85

38.82 ± 3.64

50.29 ± 19.72

HbA_1c (%)

5.31 ± 0.26

5.70 ± 0.33

6.75 ± 1.80

FGF21 (pg/mL)^a

202.78 (120.33,308.17)

236.80 (144.88,362.09)

261.07 (167.62,398.87)

Adiponectin (μg/mL)^a

4.51 (3.34,6.00)

4.06 (3.08,5.40)

3.54 (2.70,4.72)

FGF21/adiponectin ratio (pg/μg)^a

45.37 (23.84,78.71)

58.52 (31.99,100.53)

73.92 (40.47,128.40)